钻石世界的神灵卷轴曼荼罗 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	钻石世界的神灵卷轴曼荼罗
品名（英）	Scroll of Deities of the Diamond World Mandala
入馆年号	1975年，1975.268.3
策展部门	亚洲艺术（Asian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1083
创作地区
分类	绘画（Paintings）
尺寸	11 3/4 英寸 x 17 ft. 9 1/4 英寸 (29.8 x 541.7 厘米)
介绍（中）	这幅肖像手卷描绘了来自钻石世界曼陀罗的三十七位主要佛教神，以及总计四十九位神的辅助神。根据铭文，它是从滋贺县Hiei山上Zentōin寺庙的卷轴上复制的。事实上，Zentō-in拥有一幅与这幅非常相似的卷轴。天代派创始人Saichō（767–822）于806年从中国将天代卷轴带到日本，被称为《三十七神卷轴》。这幅天带派卷轴不同于开（774–835）辛贡派的钻石世界曼陀罗（见示例），其中菩萨坐在莲花宝座上，描绘了菩萨骑着动物和鸟类。卷轴中一些神的身份用梵文字母表示，而其他神的属性则用汉字标注。像这幅卷轴这样的卷轴经常被提升者复制到密教中作为教学手段，但这幅卷轴的精细线条表明它是由专业艺术家刷的。它可能被用作制作卷轴格式彩绘曼陀罗的模型。
介绍（英）	This iconographic handscroll features representations of the thirty-seven principal Buddhist deities from the Diamond World Mandala, along with auxiliary deities, amounting to a total of forty-nine deities. According to an inscription, it was copied from a scroll belonging to the temple Zentō-in on Mount Hiei in Shiga prefecture. Zentō-in, in fact, possesses a scroll very similar to this one. Known as the Scroll of the Thirty-Seven Deities, the Zentō-in scroll was brought to Japan from China by the founder of the Tendai School, Saichō (767–822), in 806. Distinct from the Diamond World Mandala of Kūkai's (774–835) Shingon School (see example), in which bodhisattvas are shown sitting on lotus thrones, this Tendai School scroll depicts bodhisattvas riding animals and birds. The identities of some of the deities in the scroll are indicated with Sanskrit letters, while the attributes held by others are noted with Chinese characters. Scrolls such as this one were often copied by initiates into Esoteric Buddhism as a means of instruction, but the fine line work of this scroll indicates that it was brushed by a professional artist. It may have been used as a model for the production of hanging-scroll format painted mandalas.