果阿石和金表壳 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	果阿石和金表壳
品名（英）	Goa Stone and Gold Case
入馆年号	2004年，2004.244a–d
策展部门	伊斯兰艺术（Islamic Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1675 - 公元 1725
创作地区	可能制造于: 印度（Probably made in: India）
分类	金属（Metal）
尺寸	Goa stone: 直径 1 3/16 英寸 (3 厘米) Container: 高 2 5/8 英寸 (6.7 厘米) 直径 5 11/16 英寸 (14.4 厘米)
介绍（中）	果阿石是由耶稣会士在17世纪末制造的地方命名的，是牛脂（反刍动物的胆结石）的人造版本。这两种类型都因其药用和护身符的力量而被使用。这些珍贵的物品被包裹在由黄金和白银制成的精致容器中，经常出口到欧洲。欧洲国库中记录了幸存的例子，包括16世纪末为阿尔巴公爵制作的一件（维也纳历史博物馆）。这种石头通常是有机和无机材料的混合物，包括牛黄、贝壳、琥珀、麝香、树脂和压碎的珍贵宝石，这些宝石会被刮下来，与茶或水一起摄入包裹这块石头的蛋形黄金容器由半球形的两半组成，每个两半都覆盖着一层穿孔、追逐和凿刻的金色叶理透雕。阿拉伯式花纹表面覆盖着一个圆顶格子，格子里有各种各样的野兽，其中一些是高度欧洲化的，包括独角兽和狮鹫。这些图像的来源很可能是通过葡萄牙人来到果阿的，也可能反映了一个特定的欧洲赞助人。（这个例子是18世纪由东印度公司的一名英国官员带到英国的。）
介绍（英）	Goa stones, named for the place where they were manufactured by Jesuits in the late seventeenth century, were manmade versions of bezoars (gallstones from ruminants). Both types were used for their medicinal and talismanic powers. These treasured objects were encased in elaborate containers made of gold and silver and often exported to Europe. Surviving examples are recorded in European treasuries, including one made for the duke of Alba in the late sixteenth century (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). The stone was usually a compound of organic and inorganic materials, including bezoar, shell, amber, musk, resin, and crushed precious gems, which would be scraped and ingested with tea or water. The egg-shaped gold container enclosing this stone consists of hemispherical halves, each covered with a layer of pierced, chased, and chiseled gold foliate openwork. An arabesque surface pattern is overlaid with an ogival trellis containing a variety of beasts, some highly Europeanized, including unicorns and griffins. The source of these images is likely to have come to Goa through the Portuguese and may also reflect a particular European patron. (This example was brought to England in the eighteenth century by a British officer in the East India Company.)