花、鱼和螃蟹 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	花、鱼和螃蟹
品名（英）	Flowers, fish, and crabs
入馆年号	1947年，47.18.130
策展部门	亚洲艺术（Asian Art）
创作者	Liu Jie【1534 至 1566】【中国人】
创作年份	公元 1534 - 公元 1566
创作地区
分类	绘画（Paintings）
尺寸	图像: 69 1/4 × 49 1/2 英寸 (175.9 × 125.7 厘米) 整体 with knobs: 8 ft. 6 7/8 英寸 × 54 英寸 (261.3 × 137.2 厘米)
介绍（中）	这幅由宫廷大师刘杰绘制的画作将一个大鲈鱼与许多较小的鱼类和各种动植物并置，包括盛开的水仙、睡莲、草、谷物、螃蟹和青蛙。这种效果是一种文明的宁静，在这种宁静中，象征着一个明显身材的人的大型鱼类沿着平静的河岸静静地游动。鱼和谷物都象征着财富，图像的整体影响暗示着富足和回报。一些图案元素鲈鱼、谷物和螃蟹也创造了一个视觉双关语，表达了"整个宫殿和平和谐"的谐音愿望，这表明这幅画是为皇帝准备的刘杰在《文华宫任命书》上的正式签名，即"绣服护卫司令"，证实了这是一个帝国的委任。文华宫是紫禁城中宫廷画家服务的大厅之一。刘的军阶是一个画家所向往的最高级别。刘的祖父和父亲都曾作为宫廷艺术家拥有这一头衔，而刘杰在他父亲去世后有权继承这一头衔。这显然发生在1477年刘获得第一个宫廷头衔后的几年。
介绍（英）	This painting by the court master Liu Jie juxtaposes a large perch with many smaller fish and a variety of flora and fauna, including narcissus in bloom, lily pads, grasses, grain, a crab, and frogs. The effect is one of civilized tranquility in which the large fish, symbolizing a person of obvious stature, swims quietly along a peaceful riverbank. Both the fish and grain symbolize wealth, and the overall impact of the image is suggestive of abundance and reward. Some pictorial elements—perch, grain, and crab—also create a visual pun with a homophonous wish for “peace and harmony in the entire palace,” which makes it clear that this picture was intended for the emperor. Liu Jie’s formal signature, which gives his title as Commander in the Embroidered Uniform Guard, on Appointment to the Wenhua Palace, confirms that this was an imperial commission. The Wenhua Palace was one of the halls in the Forbidden City at which court painters served. Liu’s rank of commander was very near the highest to which a painter could aspire. Both Liu’s grandfather and father had also held this title as court artists, and Liu Jie would have been entitled to inherit this rank after his father’s death, which apparently occurred only a few years after Liu received his first court title in 1477.