三德（节制、希望、坚韧或正义）与坐姿人研究 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	三德（节制、希望、坚韧或正义）与坐姿人研究
品名（英）	Three Virtues (Temperance, Hope, and Fortitude or Justice) and Studies of a Seated Man
入馆年号	1975年，1975.1.335
策展部门	罗伯特·雷曼典藏系列（Robert Lehman Collection）
创作者	Lorenzo Monaco (Piero di Giovanni)【1370 至 1425】【意大利人】
创作年份	公元 1417 - 公元 1423
创作地区
分类	图画（Drawings）
尺寸	9 13/16 x 7 5/16 英寸 (24.9 x 18.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	这幅罕见的金属点画在历史上被认为是 15 世纪早期杰出的佛罗伦萨画家洛伦佐·摩纳哥的，并被认为是属于 16 世纪传记作家和艺术家乔治·瓦萨里（Giorgio Vasari）的绘画专辑的一部分。瓦萨里关于洛伦佐·摩纳哥的著作描述了一幅神学美德的明暗对比图画，"设计如此精美，风格如此美丽和优雅，很可能比那个时代任何其他大师的画更好。这确实是一幅描绘三种美德的明暗对比图画，右上角写的罗马数字（用与用于追溯帷幔的墨水相同）表明，也许早在 16 世纪，这是一系列纸张之一，或者是收藏家相册中的一页。然而，证据不足以将这幅画交给洛伦佐·摩纳哥。最近，这幅画被归因于十四世纪早期的当代佛罗伦萨艺术家，如巴黎审判大师乔瓦尼·达尔·庞特和盖拉尔多·斯塔尼纳（班比诺·维斯波大师）。通过白色的增高，艺术家仔细研究了光线在有节奏的层叠的帷幔褶皱上的戏剧性游戏。将三种美德确定为节制、希望和坚韧（或正义）具有很大的共鸣，因为它们的属性和姿态。坐着的老人，以三种姿势显示，可能描绘了一个先知。
介绍（英）	This rare metalpoint drawing has historically been attributed to the preeminent early fifteenth-century Florentine painter Lorenzo Monaco, and considered part of the album of drawings that belonged to the sixteenth-century biographer and artist, Giorgio Vasari. Vasari's writings on Lorenzo Monaco describe a chiaroscuro drawing of theological Virtues made "with such fine design in so beautiful and graceful a style that it may well be better than the drawings of any other master of those times." This is indeed a chiaroscuro drawing depicting three Virtues, and the Roman numerals written at the upper right (in the same ink used to retrace the drapery) suggest that perhaps as early as the sixteenth century this was one of a series of sheets, or a page in a collector's album. Yet the evidence is insufficient to give the drawing to Lorenzo Monaco. More recently, the drawing has been ascribed to contemporary early fourteenth-century Florentine artists such as the Master of the Judgment of Paris, Giovanni dal Ponte, and Gherardo Starnina (Master of the Bambino Vispo). Through white heightening, the artist carefully studied the dramatic play of light upon the rhythmic, cascading folds of drapery. The identification of the three Virtues as Temperance, Hope, and Fortitude (or Justice) has great resonance, given their attributes and gestures. The seated old man, shown in three poses, may depict a prophet.