神圣的面孔 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	神圣的面孔
品名（英）	Holy Face
入馆年号	1975年，1975.1.2486
策展部门	罗伯特·雷曼典藏系列（Robert Lehman Collection）
创作者	Gerard David【1455 至 1523】【荷兰人】
创作年份	公元 1482 - 公元 1493
创作地区
分类	手稿和照明（Manuscripts and Illuminations）
尺寸	3 9/16 x 2 1/8 英寸 (9 x 5.4 厘米)
介绍（中）	这幅小小的手稿插图是一幅富有同情心的基督肖像，属于被称为acheiropoita的宗教图像的传统，这些图像被认为是奇迹般创造的。它是一组基督头的代表之一，称为圣面，起源于拜占庭传说和圣维罗尼卡的传说。维罗妮卡的故事在十三世纪的欧洲变得非常流行，中世纪的朝圣者前往罗马的圣彼得教堂，看看他们认为是圣维罗妮卡的实际面纱（被称为sudarium），对基督的形象印象深刻。圣面微缩模型在十五世纪末和十六世纪初在布鲁日制作的小时书中特别受欢迎。虽然没有杰拉德·大卫（Gerard David）的签名微缩模型，今天也没有任何带有他签名的面板画作，但这幅微型画很有可能是大卫从1486年的《小时书》中删除的几幅插图之一，现在收藏在西班牙埃斯科里亚尔。该卷缺少一些在未知日期剪下的微缩模型，其中包括与书前面的祈祷或赞美诗"Salva sancta faacies"一起的圣面图像。雷曼照明的拱形顶部的尺寸、比例甚至痕迹都与埃斯科里亚尔体积中少数几个微缩模型的相应特征相匹配，这些微缩模型被认为是大卫的。
介绍（英）	This tiny manuscript illumination, a sympathetic portrait of Christ, belongs to the tradition of religious images known as acheiropoita, images believed to have been created miraculously. It is one of a group of representations of the head of Christ, called the Holy Face, that have their roots in Byzantine legend and in the legend of Saint Veronica. The story of Veronica became enormously popular in Europe in the thirteenth century, and medieval pilgrims traveled to Saint Peter's in Rome to see what they believed to be the actual veil of St. Veronica (known as the sudarium), impressed with the image of Christ's face. Holy Face miniatures were particularly popular in Books of Hours made in Bruges toward the end of the fifteenth century and into the beginning of the sixteenth. Although there are no signed miniatures by Gerard David, nor indeed any panel paintings today that bear his signature, there is a strong possibility that this miniature was one of several illuminations by David excised from a Book of Hours, dated 1486 and now in the collection of the Escorial, Spain. The volume is missing a number of miniatures that were cut out at an unknown date, among them an image of the Holy Face that accompanies the prayer or hymn "Salva sancta facies" in the front of the book. The dimensions, proportions, and even the traces of the arched top of the Lehman illumination match the corresponding features of the few miniatures in the Escorial volume that have been attributed to David.