带有提尔的阿波罗尼奥斯生活场景的游戏片段 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	带有提尔的阿波罗尼奥斯生活场景的游戏片段
品名（英）	Game Piece with a Scene from the Life of Apollonius of Tyre
入馆年号	1996年，1996.224
策展部门	中世纪艺术（Medieval Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1170
创作地区	制造于: 德国, 科隆（Made in: Germany, Cologne）
分类	Ivores海象（Ivories-Walrus）
尺寸	整体: 1/16 x 2 3/16 x 5/8 英寸 (0.2 x 5.6 x 1.6 厘米)
介绍（中）	这件作品来自中世纪的桌上游戏（西洋双陆棋的前身），描绘了推罗的阿波罗尼乌斯的晚期古董传说，他的妻子在被埋葬在海中后奇迹般地复活了。在这里，两个男人放下她的棺材，而另外两个人则在看。场景是在空间层面构思的：棺材、放下棺材的人物、围观者和帆。近乎三维的雕刻增强了深空的错觉，有些区域呈圆形，这是海象象牙浮雕中罕见的特征。虽然这个主题在罗马式艺术中是独一无二的，但人物雕刻的塑料风格和精细的细节在十二世纪下半叶的科隆象牙中具有相似之处。这些数字和鼠尾草边界可能与布鲁塞尔的象牙圣物箱和 1170 年至 1190 年间在科隆生产的柏林圆顶圣物箱有关。布鲁塞尔圣物箱的边界几乎相同，表明一个作坊生产教会和世俗物品。另一件描绘基督埋葬的游戏作品（伯勒尔收藏，格拉斯哥），非常相似，可能来自同一组，在主题上分为基督的生平和基于古典文学的类型学相似之处。通常，作品会描绘力量的壮举，例如赫拉克勒斯（来自神话）与参孙（来自旧约）的壮举。
介绍（英）	This piece, from the medieval game of tables (a precursor to backgammon), illustrates the Late Antique legend of Apollonius of Tyre, whose wife was miraculously resurrected after being buried at sea. Here two men lower her coffin while two others watch. The scene is conceived in spatial layers: coffin, figures lowering it, onlookers, and sail. The illusion of deep space is enhanced by almost three-dimensional carving, with some areas in the round, a rare feature in walrus-ivory reliefs. While the subject is unique in Romanesque art, the plastic style of figure carving and the fine detail have parallels in Cologne ivories of the second half of the twelfth century. The figures and acanthus border can be related to an ivory reliquary in Brussels and to a cupola reliquary in Berlin produced in Cologne between 1170 and 1190. The Brussels reliquary has nearly identical borders, indicating that a single workshop produced ecclesiastical and secular objects. Another gamepiece, depicting the Entombment of Christ (Burrell Collection, Glasgow), is so similar that it may be from the same set, one divided thematically between the life of Christ and typological parallels based on classical literature. Frequently, pieces would depict feats of strength, such as those of Hercules (from mythology) pitted against those of Samson (from the Old Testament).