安提柯“粉笔” - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	安提柯“粉笔”
品名（英）	The Antioch "Chalice"
入馆年号	1950年，50.4
策展部门	修道院（The Cloisters）
创作者
创作年份	公元 500 - 公元 550
创作地区	制造于: 安提柯或佛得角（？）（Made in: Antioch or Kaper Koraon (?)）
分类	金属制品银（Metalwork-Silver）
尺寸	整体: 7 11/16 x 7 1/16 x 6 英寸 (19.6 x 18 x 15.2 厘米) foot: 2 15/16 英寸 (7.4 厘米)
介绍（中）	当它在20世纪初被发现时，这个"圣杯"被声称是在安条克发现的，这座城市对早期基督徒来说非常重要，以至于罗马和亚历山大都认为它是教堂的重要景点之一。圣杯的纯银色内碗随后被雄心勃勃地确定为圣杯，即基督在最后晚餐时使用的杯子。包裹圣杯的精心制作的足壳被认为是在基督死后一个世纪内制作的，用来包裹和纪念圣杯。结了果实的葡萄藤形成了镀金外壳的丽珠图案，那里居住着鸟类，包括鹰；动物，包括一只羔羊和一只兔子；十二个人拿着卷轴坐在高背椅上。其中两个人物被认为是基督的形象。其他十位人物被不同地认定为十二使徒中的十位，或古典时代的哲学家，他们像《旧约》中的先知一样，预言了基督的降临。六世纪的编年史家安条克的马拉拉斯是那些试图将基督教和古典哲学联系起来的人之一将"安条克圣杯"认定为圣杯的说法一直没有得到证实，甚至其真实性有时也受到质疑。这件作品通常被认为是六世纪圣餐的圣杯。然而，最近，它的形状被认为更像六世纪的立灯，它的装饰可能是为了纪念基督的话"我是世界的光"（约翰福音8:12）。有人认为，它是1908年在安条克东南部Kaper Koraon镇发现的属于圣塞尔焦斯教堂的礼拜物品宝藏的一部分。如果是这样的话，圣塞尔焦斯的教区居民很可能会前往安条克购买这件物品，作为对他们教堂的捐赠。或者它可能在安条克或附近的一座教堂中使用过。
介绍（英）	When it was discovered at the beginning of the twentieth century, this "chalice" was claimed to have been found in Antioch, a city so important to the early Christians that it was recognized with Rome and Alexandria as one of the great sees of the church. The chalice's plain silver interior bowl was then ambitiously identified as the Holy Grail, the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper. The elaborate footed shell enclosing it was thought to have been made within a century after the death of Christ to encase and honor the Grail. The fruited grapevine forming the rinceau pattern of the gilded shell is inhabited by birds, including an eagle; animals, including a lamb and a rabbit; and twelve human figures holding scrolls and seated in high-backed chairs. Two of the figures are thought to be images of Christ. The other ten figures have been variously identified as ten of the twelve apostles, or philosophers of the classical age, who, like the prophets of the Old Testament, had foretold the coming of Christ. The sixth-century chronicler Malalas of Antioch was among those who sought to make such links between Christianity and classical philosophy. The identification of the "Antioch Chalice" as the Holy Grail has not been sustained, and even its authenticity has at times been challenged. The work has usually been considered a sixth-century chalice for the Eucharist. Most recently, however, its shape has been recognized as more closely resembling sixth-century standing lamps, its decoration possibly in recognition of Christ's words "I am the light of the world" (John 8:12). It has been argued to be part of a treasure of liturgical objects found in 1908 belonging to the Church of Saint Sergios in the town of Kaper Koraon southeast of Antioch. If so, Saint Sergios' parishioners might well have traveled to Antioch to purchase the object as a donation for their church. Or it may have been used in one of the churches in or near Antioch.