照亮的Psalter - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	照亮的Psalter
品名（英）	Illuminated Psalter
入馆年号	2001年，2001.730
策展部门	中世纪艺术（Medieval Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1175 - 公元 1200
创作地区
分类	手稿和照明（Manuscripts and Illuminations）
尺寸	8 1/8 x 5 7/8 x 2 英寸 (20.7 x 14.9 x 5.1 厘米) 其他 (Single MS leaf): 7 11/16 x 5 13/16 英寸 (19.5 x 14.7 厘米)
介绍（中）	拜占庭国家高度重视识字，其复杂的世俗和神职精英被证明是书籍艺术的热情赞助人。这本手稿是拜占庭中期幸存下来的大约50本所谓的贵族诗篇之一，展示了该时期书籍制作的高质量。文本用金色字母优雅地写在羊皮纸上，在选定的读数中，在镀金的地面上设置了色彩鲜艳的照明。类似圣像的教派有助于使《旧约》文本与基督教的使用相关。因此，《诗篇》所献给的上帝被描绘成基督潘托克拉托，位于介绍性文本上精心制作的头饰的中心（如上图所示）。照明器按照拜占庭最优秀的传统绘制了"世界统治者"基督的脸，将肉色和面部细节叠加在绿色基色上，以代表阴影。头戴上的成对的鸟和文字中华丽的切口字母通过唤起基督的双重性质——人和上帝平等——扩展了基督教的含义在中世纪的基督教世界，无论是在东方还是西方，祈祷者都很受欢迎，在教堂和修道院的礼拜仪式上祈祷，作为对抗恶魔的武器，并作为学习阅读的主要文本。
介绍（英）	Literacy was highly prized in Byzantine state, with its sophisticated secular and clerical elite proving to be enthusiatic patrons of the book arts. This manuscript, one of the approximately fifty so-called aristocratic psalters that survive from the Middle Byzantine era, demonstrates the high quality of that period's book production. The text is elegantly written in gold letters on parchment, with vibrantly colored illuminations set against gilded grounds at selected readings. The iconlike illiminations assist in making the Old Testament text relevant for Christian use. Thus, God, to whom the Psalms are dedicated, is depicted as Christ Pantokrator at the center of elaborate headpiece over the introductory text (illustrated above). The illuminator has painted the face of Christ, the "world ruler" (pantokrator), in the finest Byzantine tradition, layering flesh tones and facial details over a green base color meant to represent shadows. The pairs of birds over the headpiece and in the ornate incipit letter of the text extend the Christian reference by evoking the dual nature of Christ--equally man and god. Pslaters were popular throughout the medieval Christian world, in both the East and West, for prayers during the liturgy in churches and monasteries, as weapons against demons, and as the primary texts for learning to read.