尤克里里 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	尤克里里
品名（英）	Ukulele
入馆年号	1889年，89.4.727
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1875 - 公元 1885
创作地区	美国, 夏威夷（United States, Hawaii）
分类	长笛拨弦琴（Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted）
尺寸	高: 20 1/2 英寸 (52.1 厘米) 宽: 5 1/2 英寸 (14 厘米)
介绍（中）	夏威夷人最熟悉的乐器是"尤克里里"，一种小型吉他。这种乐器可能是1879年由马德拉的葡萄牙定居者引入夏威夷的，他们带来了一把名叫braguinha的小吉他。定居者包括三个人，曼努埃尔·努内斯、奥古斯托·迪亚斯和何塞·多·埃斯皮里托·桑托，他们知道如何制作布拉金哈。这种小吉他很快在夏威夷人中流行起来，到1888年，努内斯、迪亚斯和圣埃斯皮里图都为当地市场生产了小吉他。这种乐器经过改装以适应当地的音乐品味，夏威夷的尤克里里琴诞生了。这件作品可能来自19世纪末，是已知最古老的"尤克里里琴"之一尤克里里琴在夏威夷国王大卫·卡尔的宫廷中获得了青睐？kaua，夏威夷传统音乐和音乐创新的冠军。在卡尔手下？在kaua的赞助下，"尤克里里"被改编为伴随着草裙舞表演，将早期草裙舞中较为平稳的节奏转变为当今许多草裙舞演出中更加活泼的节奏特征关于尤克里里琴是如何得名的，意思是"跳跃的跳蚤"。爱德华·珀维斯，一位在卡尔很受欢迎的小而活泼的音乐家？据报道，考阿的宫廷被戏称为"尤库乐乐"，这件乐器可能是以他的名字命名的。或者，音乐家演奏时人物的快速动作可能会让夏威夷人想起跳跳蚤。这个名字也可能代表"ukeke"的修改版本，"ukeko"是夏威夷唯一的弦乐器，是嘴弓的意思。
介绍（英）	The most familiar Hawaiian instrument is the 'ukulele, a small type of guitar. The instrument was probably introduced to Hawai'i in 1879 by Portuguese settlers from Madeira who brought with them a small guitar called the braguinha. The settlers included three men, Manuel Nunes, Augusto Dias, and Jose do Espirito Santo who knew how to make braguinha. The small guitar quickly became popular with Hawaiians and by 1888 Nunes, Dias, and Espirito Santo were all producing examples for the local market. The instrument was modified to suit local musical tastes and the Hawaiian 'ukulele was born. Probably from the late 19th century, this work is among the oldest known 'ukulele. The 'ukulele found favor in the court of the Hawaiian King David Kal?kaua, a champion both of customary Hawaiian music and musical innovation. Under Kal?kaua's patronage, the 'ukulele was adapted to accompany hula dance performances, transforming the more sedate tempo of earlier types of hula into the more lively rhythm characteristic of many hula performances today. There are several accounts of how the 'ukulele got its name, which means "jumping flea." Edward Purvis, a small, lively musician popular in Kal?kaua's court was reportedly nicknamed " 'uku lele" and the instrument may be named after him. Alternatively, the rapid action of the musician's figures when playing possibly reminded Hawaiians of jumping fleas. The name may also represent a modified version of 'ukeke, the term for the mouth bow, previously the only string instrument in Hawai'i.