阿杰 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	阿杰
品名（英）	Aje
入馆年号	1889年，89.4.807
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1850 - 公元 1900
创作地区	马绍尔群岛（Marshall Islands）
分类	单头/高脚杯鼓（Membranophone-single-headed / goblet drum）
尺寸	长 67.3 (26-1/2 英寸), 直径 base 20.3 厘米 (8 英寸) and 22.9 厘米 (9 英寸)
介绍（中）	过去，鼓在密克罗尼西亚（热带西北太平洋的岛屿）极为罕见，仅在东加罗林群岛，密克罗尼西亚异常值Wuvulu和Aua以及马绍尔群岛制造。马绍尔群岛的这个例子以其简洁的线条、优美的形式和缺乏表面装饰，体现了密克罗尼西亚艺术的闲适、极简主义美学和对形式的强调特征。太平洋许多地区的鼓通常完全或主要是男性活动，与此相反，马绍尔群岛的鼓以前几乎完全由妇女使用。马绍尔鼓，被称为aje，是女歌手和鼓手合奏的一部分，她们伴随着男人的舞蹈以及在某些方面类似于西方歌剧的戏剧性歌舞表演。其中最重要的是jebwa，这是一种男人携带法杖的舞蹈，作为编舞的一部分，这些法杖会定期敲打在一起。 Aje 也用于战争时期，当成群的妇女击鼓和唱歌以鼓励她们的男人在战斗中。这些妇女还充当第二道防线，随后协助和平谈判。由于声音可以传播相当长的距离，因此在航行中也演奏鼓，以便在海上夜晚将独木舟保持在一起。今天，马绍尔人继续制作一种改良形式的aje，现在由男性演奏，以配合当代的jebwa表演。
介绍（英）	In the past drums were extremely rare in Micronesia (the islands of the tropical northwestern Pacific) and were made only in the eastern Caroline Islands, the Micronesian outliers of Wuvulu and Aua, and the Marshall Islands. With its clean lines, graceful form, and lack of surface ornamentation this example from the Marshall Islands embodies the spare, minimalist aesthetic and emphasis on form characteristic of Micronesian art. In contrast to many areas of the Pacific, where drumming is often a wholly or primarily male activity, drums in the Marshall Islands formerly were used almost exclusively by women. Marshallese drums, known as aje, were played as part of ensembles of female singers and drummers, who accompanied men's dances as well as dramatic song and dance performances similar in some respects to Western opera. Among the most important of these was the jebwa, a dance in which men carry staffs, which are struck together periodically as part of the choreography. Aje were also used in times of war when groups of women beat drums and sang to encourage their men in battle. The women also served as a second line of defense and afterwards assisted in negotiating peace. Because the sound could carry considerable distances, drums were also played on voyages to keep canoes together during nights at sea. Today, the Marshallese continue to make a modified form of aje, which is now played by men to accompany contemporary jebwa performances.