G中的小号 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	G中的小号
品名（英）	Trumpet in G
入馆年号	1889年，89.4.1098
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者	Michael Saurle【1775 至 1900】【德国人】
创作年份	公元 1829
创作地区	德国, 慕尼黑（Germany, Munich）
分类	Aerophone嘴唇振动小号/长号（Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone）
尺寸	长 without mouthpiece 51.4 厘米., 直径 of bell 12.7 厘米., 直径 of bore 0.387 英寸 within larger slide socket
介绍（中）	自古以来，在宫廷、军事和宗教活动中，喇叭就被用来发出信号。从中世纪晚期到二十世纪的欧洲，以及从20世纪40年代以来的美国，喇叭一直被保留用于仪式展示和皇室代表。在17世纪和18世纪的管弦乐中，小号唤起了英雄的性格，通常象征着世俗和天堂的统治者、战争或军队。自然小号（一种通过嘴唇振动空气的管）的可演奏音符是和声，这个数字在很大程度上取决于管的长度。喇叭最初是直的和短的，在中世纪，喇叭的管长度增加了，最终被卷曲成环状。在十八世纪下半叶，管弦乐队使用的小号通常是"发明小号"，具有可互换的弯钩，允许乐器以不同的键演奏。为了增加乐器的音域，使用了几种机制之一：14世纪末的滑梯；1796年的钥匙；早在1814年就有阀门。按键和阀门将小号变成了一种半音乐器，这使小号的声音美学、象征意义和作曲用途发生了重大变化这是现存最早的为慕尼黑"Königliche Landwehr Jäger Bataillon"（皇家卫队步枪营）建造的阀号之一。
介绍（英）	Since ancient times trumpets have been used for signaling during courtly, military and religious events. In Europe from the late Middle Ages to the twentieth centuries and in the United States since the 1940s trumpets have been maintained for ceremonial display and regal representation. In seventeenth and eighteenth-century orchestral music the trumpet evoked an heroic character, that usually symbolized the earthly and heavenly ruler, war, or the military. The playable notes of a natural trumpet (a tube in which air is vibrated by the lips) are the harmonics, a number that largely depends on the length of the tube. Originally straight and short, the trumpet's tube length increased during the Middle Ages and eventually was coiled in loops. In the second half of the eighteenth century trumpets used in orchestras were usually "invention trumpets" with interchangeable crooks permitting the instrument to play in different keys. To increase the instrument's range one of several mechanisms was utilized: the slide at the end of the fourteenth century; keys in 1796; and valves as early as 1814. Keys and valves turned the trumpet into a chromatic instrument, which made a significant change in the trumpet's sound aesthetic, symbolic meaning and compositional usage. This is one of the earliest extant valve trumpets built for the "Königliche Landwehr Jäger Bataillon" (Royal Guard Rifle Battalion) in Munich.