四弦 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	四弦
品名（英）	Tār (تار‎ )
入馆年号	1889年，89.4.1679
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1870 - 公元 1899
创作地区	伊朗（Iran）
分类	长笛拨弦琴（Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted）
尺寸	长 32 3/4 × 宽 6 1/2 × 深 4 1/2 英寸 (83.2 × 16.5 × 11.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	tār最早出现在设拉子周围，很快在阿富汗和高加索地区被采用，并在那里进行了修改。伊朗风格的tārs有两个不相等的心形开口，上面覆盖着一层薄薄的羊胎膜、一座角桥和三根双弦。皮腹对玩家的触摸反应非常灵敏，因此用黄铜拨弦时需要高度的技巧除了像路德这样背部大而拱形、腹部木质、脖子相对较短而未经修饰的木琴外，中东还拥有大量长颈木琴。这些可以通过雕刻或雕刻而成（将木板粘在一起）的撕裂形琴身、琴颈、木腹和从鲁特琴颈延伸的木栓（sāz、tanbār型）来识别，也可以通过包含腰部、二分体、羊皮纸覆盖的腹部和镂空木栓盒的琴身（tār类型）来识别。这些乐器名称与其他文化的乐器名称之间可能存在语言联系；例如，tanbīr和tambārā（印度）；tār和锡塔琴（印度）等。
介绍（英）	The tār first appeared around Shiraz and was quickly adopted in Afghanistan and Caucasia where it was modified. Iranian style tārs have bodies with two unequal heart-shaped openings which are covered by a thin lamb fetus membrane, a horn bridge and three double courses of strings. The skin belly is very responsive to the player’s touch and thus demands a high degree of virtuosity when plucked with a brass plectrum. In addition to lutes like the ūd, with large, vaulted backs, wood bellies, and relatively short, unfretted necks, the Middle East possesses a large number of long necked lutes. These may be identified by carved or carvel-built (strips of wood glued together) tear-shaped bodies, fretted necks, wooden bellies, and pegblocks which extend from the lute's neck (sāz, tanbūr types), or by bodies that incorporate a waist, bipartite, parchment-covered bellies and openwork pegboxes (tār type). Linguistic connections may be made between these instrument names and those from other cultures; for example, tanbūr and tambūrā (India); tār and sitar (India), among others.