曼多拉 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	曼多拉
品名（英）	Mandora
入馆年号	1964年，64.101.1409
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1400 - 公元 1440
创作地区	意大利, 米兰？（Italy, Milan?）
分类	合唱鲁特（Chordophone-Lute）
尺寸	14 3/16 × 3 3/4 × 3 1/8 英寸 (36 × 9.6 × 8 厘米)
介绍（中）	这是现存的三种可追溯到十五世纪初的欧洲小型弦乐器中最优雅的一种。最初，这种乐器会用五根肠线串起来，但它是用弓演奏的，还是用拨子或手指弹拨的，目前尚不清楚。雕刻的图像与宫廷浪漫有关，可能暗示了爱情中忠诚的回报。丘比特手持弓箭，在这对夫妇身上盘旋，一个年轻人代表猎鹰人（猎鹰表示忠诚和信任），一个头发未梳的少女紧紧抓住他的手臂。一只同样表示忠诚的狗坐在他们的脚边。丰富的乐器图像将艺术和音乐结合在一起，为浪漫服务描述：从黄杨木的板锯块上切割；内部从前面完全挖出，最大深度约为15毫米；深褐色表面切割丰富；1毫米厚的扁平红木指板（非原装）覆盖颈部空腔；由指板凹端顶部重叠的平黄杨木板部分封闭的连通体腔；四个浅圆形凹陷，以前是镶嵌的，围绕着略微凹陷的穿孔云杉（？）玫瑰花结，下面由4个横向肋加固，部分堵塞卷轴，另外3个肋支撑前部；单独的粗糙板覆盖音箱较低、较窄的部分，可能会取代原来的隔膜；穿过穿透音箱圆形端部的5个孔紧固的琴弦与钻入尾部的5个洞相交，穿过乌木螺母（非原装）和调音钉（缺失），调音钉横向插入镰刀形钉盒中的成对铰孔，钉盒终止于盘腿女子右手握着拨子演奏梨形四弦乐器的雕刻头像；背面雕刻着女人和狗的形象，男人和鹰和丘比特在生命之树下合影；雕刻在乐器下端的跳跃雄鹿；图上方的钉箱背面雕刻着一只怪诞的野兽，上面有卷轴和举起的手；锥形颈的后部，雕刻有低浮雕的叶子和叶脉。
介绍（英）	This is the most elegant example of three extant small European stringed instruments dated to the early fifteenth century. Originally the instrument would have been strung with five gut strings, but whether it was played with a bow or plucked with a plectrum or fingers, remains unclear. The carved imagery relates to courtly romance and probably alludes to the rewards of fidelity in love. Cupid, armed with bow and arrow, hovers over the couple, a young man represented as falconer (the falcon denotes loyalty and trust) and a maiden with unbound hair who clasps his arm. A dog, likewise suggesting loyalty, sits at their feet. The rich iconography of the instrument unites art and music in the service of romance. Description: Cut from slab sawn block of boxwood; interior entirely gouged out from front to a maximum depth of about 15 mm; dark brown surface richly incised; flat rosewood fingerboard 1 mm thick (not original) covers neck cavity; connected body cavity partly enclosed by flat boxwood plate overlapped at top by concave end of fingerboard; four shallow circular depressions, formerly inlaid, surround slightly concave, pierced spruce (?) rosette reinforced beneath by 4 transverse ribs partly occluding scrollwork, 3 other ribs bracing the front; separate rougher slab covers lower, narrower part of soundbox, possibly replacing original membrane; strings fastened through 5 holes that pierce rounded end of soundbox to intersect five holes drilled into the tail, pass over ebony nut (not original) and around tuning pegs (missing) inserted laterally through pairs of reamed holes in sickle-shaped pegbox which terminates in carved figurehead of cross-legged woman playing a pear-shaped 4-string instrument with a plectrum grasped in her right hand; back carved with figures of woman and dog and man with hawk posed beneath Tree of Life with Cupid; leaping stag carved on bottom end of instrument; grotesque beast carved on back of pegbox above figure with scroll and raised hand; rear of tapered neck carved with leaves and veins in low relief.