低音提琴da Gamba - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	低音提琴da Gamba
品名（英）	Bass Viola da Gamba
入馆年号	1988年，1988.365
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者	Andreas Jais【1685 至 1753】【德国人】
创作年份	公元 1700 - 公元 1750
创作地区	奥地利, 阿布桑（Austria, Absam）
分类	合唱曲弓（Chordophone-Bowed）
尺寸	47 1/4 × 14 5/8 × 9 3/4 英寸 (120 × 37.1 × 24.8 厘米)
介绍（中）	小提琴，文艺复兴后期最受尊敬的弓乐器，只是逐渐被小提琴家族所取代。小提琴与小提琴的不同之处主要在于形状、弦数和调音，以及有弦的琴颈。所有的中提琴都是在膝盖之间或腿上以直立的姿势演奏的（"gamba"的意思是"腿"），弓的手掌向上。这种声音没有小提琴家族的乐器那么明亮和安静。四到六个中提琴的室内乐创作于文艺复兴和巴洛克时代，低音中提琴的独奏作品一直演奏到18世纪末 Andreas Jais来自18世纪活跃在博尔扎诺的蒂罗尔乐器制造商家族。尽管这种乐器的颈部和指板都很窄（从大提琴转换而来），但它仍然保持着原始的长方形和曲线形状，这是该地区乐器的典型特征描述：七根琴弦分别调成AA、D、G、c、e、a、d1；不寻常的浅裂的下部突起；椭圆形玫瑰花结插在火焰形状的音孔上方，里面有一只双头鹰和不明的盾徽；阿尔卑斯云杉的两件式餐桌，非常细的纹理向两侧加宽；卷曲枫木背部和肋骨两件套，形状不规则；红棕色清漆；颈部和配件是最新的；嫁接的钉箱端接在狮子头上；手稿标签可能是伪造的。（李斌，1992）
介绍（英）	Viols, the most esteemed bowed instruments of the late Renaissance, were only gradually displaced by the violin family. Viols differ from violins chiefly in shape, in number of strings and tuning, and in having fretted necks. All viols are played in an upright position between the knees or on the legs ("gamba" means "leg"), and the bow is held palm upward. The sound is less brilliant and quieter than that of the violin family of instruments. Chamber music for a consort of four to six viols was composed during the Renaissance and Baroque eras, and solo works for the bass viol were being played until nearly the end of the eighteenth century. Andreas Jais was from a Tyrolean family of instrument builders active in Bolzano in the eighteenth century. Despite its unoriginal narrow neck and fingerboard (replacements from a conversion to the cello), this instrument maintains its original oblong and curvilinear shape, a feature typical of instruments from this region. Description: Seven strings tuned AA, D, G, c, e, a, d1; unusual lobed lower bouts; oval rosette inserted above flame-shaped soundholes contains a double-headed eagle and unidentified coat of arms; two-piece table of Alpine spruce with very fine grain widening toward the flanks; two-piece back and ribs of curly maple with irregular figure; reddish-brown varnish; neck and fittings are recent; grafted pegbox terminates in a lion's head; manuscript label possibly spurious. (L. Libin, 1992)