C中的双簧管 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	C中的双簧管
品名（英）	Oboe in C
入馆年号	1953年，53.56.11
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者	Hendrik Richters【1683 至 1727】【荷兰人】
创作年份	公元 1727
创作地区	荷兰, 阿姆斯特丹（Netherlands, Amsterdam）
分类	航空电话簧片振动双簧片（Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed）
尺寸	22 1/2 × 2 3/8 × 2 3/8 英寸 (57.2 × 6 × 6 厘米)
介绍（中）	亨德里克·里奇特斯（1683-1727）被认为是他那个时代最优秀的双簧管演奏家之一。大约有30只双簧管从他与兄弟弗雷德里克（1694-1770）共同经营的商店中幸存下来。有些，比如这个，用昂贵的材料装饰得很奢华。兄弟俩使用了十八世纪最先进的技术来车削乐器的装饰性车削。金属钥匙上刻有花卉图案、音乐和舞蹈人物，由专业的银匠或雕刻师制作。法国乐器制造商在17世纪晚期通过重新设计高音shawm发明了双簧管。与响亮的shawm相反，双簧管演奏者将簧片夹在嘴唇之间，使演奏者能够控制声音的清晰度、音量、音高和质量。这允许了更多的表现力，这是这一时期越来越重要的音乐特征。为了提高演奏技巧，双簧管增加了C和E两个键。由于一些玩家习惯于右手向下玩，而另一些玩家则习惯于左手向下玩，因此E-flat键出现在"燕尾"C键的左侧和右侧。
介绍（英）	Hendrik Richters (1683–1727) is considered to be one of the finest oboe makers of his period. About 30 oboes survive from the shop he shared with his brother Frederik (1694–1770). Some, like this one, are lavishly decorated with expensive materials. The brothers used the state-of-art eighteenth-century technology to lathe the instrument's ornamental turnings. The metal keys, engraved with floral designs, musical and dancing figures, were fashioned by professional silversmiths or engravers. French instrument makers invented the oboe late in the seventeenth century by redesigning the treble shawm. In contrast to the loud shawm, the oboist takes the reed between the lips enabling the player to control the articulation, volume, pitch, and quality of sound. This permitted more expressivity, a musical trait of growing importance during this period. To enhance playing technique, two keys, the C and E-flat, were added to the oboe. Since some players were accustomed to play with the right hand down and others with the left hand the E-flat key appears on both the left and right side of the "swallow-tail" C key.