D-flat中的横向槽 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	D-flat中的横向槽
品名（英）	Transverse Flute in D-flat
入馆年号	1943年，43.34a–g
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1760 - 公元 1790
创作地区	德国, 南德意志或萨克森（Germany, South Germany or Saxony）
分类	Aerophone吹孔侧吹长笛（横向）（Aerophone-Blow Hole-side-blown flute (transverse)）
尺寸	1 3/8 × 24 5/8 × 1 1/4 英寸 (3.5 × 62.5 × 3.2 厘米) 长 (Smaller joint): 7 13/16 英寸 (19.8 厘米) 长 (Longer joint): 8 3/8 英寸 (21.3 厘米) Case: 1 3/4 × 10 1/8 × 6 1/2 英寸 (4.4 × 25.7 × 16.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	约翰·弗里德里希·博特格（Johan Friedrich Böttger）于1708年重新发现硬膏瓷器，这是新奢侈品行业的基础。创客探索了新媒体中的各种应用。瓷器乐器带来了巨大的问题，因为在干燥和烧制过程中会出现大量收缩。在窑中，湿瓷物质收缩了其体积的三分之一，因此必须制作大型模具来保证孔、指孔和孔的精确最终尺寸。木笛很容易通过钻孔进行微调和发声;然而，瓷器使后来的操纵成为问题。瓷笛和钟琴很少见，但像博物馆收藏的德累斯顿陶笛更为常见。在烧制了这支长笛的瓷器部分（包括其装饰）后，金匠完成了金属工作，制作了接头、插座、帽子和钥匙。瓷笛只在高级贵族圈子里为人所知。瓷笛的另一个例子是在英国皇家收藏中发现的。
介绍（英）	Johan Friedrich Böttger's rediscovery of hard-paste porcelain in 1708 was the basis of a new luxury industry. Makers explored all kinds of applications in the new medium. Porcelain musical instruments posed enormous problems since during drying and firing there occurred substantial shrinkage. In the kiln, wet porcelain matter shrinks by a third of its volume so large molds had to be made to guarantee the precise final dimensions of bore, finger- and embouchure hole. Wooden flutes are easily fine-tuned and voiced by drilling; porcelain, however, makes later manipulations problematic. Porcelain flutes and carillons were rare, but ocarinas like one from Dresden in the Museum's collection were more common. After the porcelain sections of this flute, including its decoration, had been fired, a goldsmith completed the metal work, making joints, sockets, cap and key. Porcelain flutes were known only in the circles of high nobility. Another example of a porcelain flute is found in the British Royal Collection.