班卓语 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	班卓语
品名（英）	Banjo
入馆年号	1889年，89.4.2676
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者	Hercules McCord【1855 至 1890】【美国人】
创作年份	公元 1854 - 公元 1864
创作地区	美国, 密苏里州, 圣路易斯（United States, Missouri, St. Louis）
分类	长笛拨弦（Chordophone-Lute-plucked）
尺寸	96厘米 x 34厘米 x 10厘米
介绍（中）	这首班卓琴是由来自密苏里州圣路易斯的赫拉克勒斯·麦考德于 1859 年左右制作的，当时正值黑脸吟游诗人的鼎盛时期。它的大尺寸表明它是为吟游诗人舞台制作的。在内战后班卓琴的大规模生产和销售出现之前，乐器是定制或小批量生产的。这个例子是手工制作的，可能是独一无二的。钉头被精细雕刻成滚动大提琴钉头的形状。第 5 根弦在第 5 品位置进入隧道，并通过指板顶部边缘的凹槽到达小提琴式调音钉，该调音钉安装在连接到钉头低音侧的圆形木制支腿中。指板是无品的，这一特征一直流行到二十世纪之交，细象牙条作为品格标记镶嵌在指板上，代替实际的品格。皮头通过 16 个钩子和螺母在木箍上拧紧，这些钩子和螺母安装在连接到箍内侧的黄铜带上。木制尾件的形状像简化的小提琴尾件，皮革覆盖的金属扶手安装在与尾件相邻的班卓琴边缘的顶部边缘。脖子的后部装饰着斜切的深色和浅色木材，拼接到颈部。一个不寻常的结构特征是没有销钉杆，该销杆从颈部与轮辋相邻的位置延伸到尾件下方轮辋的另一端，为班卓琴颈提供结构支撑。（彼得·塞戈，2020）
介绍（英）	This banjo was produced by Hercules McCord from St. Louis, MO, around 1859, during the height in popularity of the blackface minstrelsy. Its large size suggests that it was made for the minstrel stage. Prior to the advent of the mass production and marketing of banjos after the Civil War, instruments were custom made or produced in small batches. This example is hand crafted and likely unique. The peghead is finely sculpted in the shape of a scrolled cello peghead. The 5th string enters a tunnel at the 5th fret position and travels through a groove on the top edge of the fingerboard to a violin-style tuning peg that is mounted into a rounded wooden outrigger attached to the bass side of the peghead. The fingerboard is fretless, a feature that would remain popular until the turn of the twentieth century, and thin ivory strips are inlayed into the fingerboard as fret markers in lieu of actual frets. The skin head is tightened over the wood hoop by 16 hooks and nuts that are mounted to brass straps attached to the inside of the hoop. The wooden tailpiece is shaped like a simplified violin tailpiece, and a leather-covered metal armrest is mounted on the top edge of the banjo rim adjacent to the tailpiece. The back of the neck is decorated with oblique slices of darker and lighter wood spliced into the neck. An unusual structural feature is the absence of a dowel stick that extends inside the banjo hoop from the location where the neck adjoins with the rim to the opposite end of the rim under the tailpiece to provide structural support for the banjo neck. (Peter Szego, 2020)