森沃斯雷特三世饰狮身人面像 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	森沃斯雷特三世饰狮身人面像
品名（英）	Senwosret III as a Sphinx
入馆年号	1917年，17.9.2
策展部门	埃及艺术（Egyptian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1878 - 公元前 1840
创作地区	来自于: 埃及（From: Egypt）
分类
尺寸	长 73 × 宽 29.5 × 高 42.5 厘米, 114.3 kg (28 3/4 × 11 5/8 × 16 3/4 英寸, 252 磅)
介绍（中）	由于狮子的力量、凶猛、雄壮的鬃毛和令人敬畏的吼声，自史前时代起，狮子就与王权联系在一起。作为对抗邪恶的神圣守护者，他们也在宇宙神话中象征着地平线上太阳每天重生的地方。狮身人面狮身人首，象征性地将狮子的力量与在位国王的形象结合起来。在这个宏伟的例子中，这张脸属于第12王朝的森沃斯雷特三世（Senwosret III），他的特征非常独特（见26.7.1394）。克星上方有一条眼镜蛇，它代表着国王的保护者之一乌德霍女神。眼镜蛇的头罩和头部要么是单独雕刻的，要么是在古代修复的，因为在眼镜蛇直立的身体所在的地方钻了一个古老的定位销孔。当埃及人将站立的狮身人面像视为征服者时，蹲伏的狮身人面像是圣地的守护者。因此，一对对狮身人面像围绕着重要建筑物的街道或入口。这尊狮身人面像是由努比亚采石场的一块纹理精美的斜长岩片麻岩雕刻而成。雕刻家利用石头上的图案对狮子的身体产生了巨大的影响，并用头饰和代表狮子鬃毛的风格化图案掩盖了从动物身体到人类头部的潜在尴尬过渡。注意前面有序的长鬃毛和肩膀后面短而重叠的毛簇之间的区别。在胡须的下方，宫殿正面（serekh）被雕刻成一只猎鹰和天空的象征。国王的荷鲁斯之名（王位之神）和他的王位之名（闪耀的是Re的生命力量）都写在了塞雷赫语中。
介绍（英）	Because of their strength, ferocity, imposing mane, and awesome roar, lions were associated with kingship since prehistoric times. As divine guardians against evil, they also symbolized in cosmic myths the place on the horizon where the sun was reborn every day. With the body of a lion and the head of a human, the sphinx symbolically combined the power of the lion with the image of the reigning king. In this magnificent example, the face belongs to Senwosret III of Dynasty 12 whose features are very distinctive (see 26.7.1394). He wears a pleated linen headcloth, called a nemes headdress, which is symbolic of kingship. The nemes is surmounted by a cobra, which represents the goddess Udjo, one of the protectors of the king. The cobra's hood and head were either carved separately or they were repaired in antiquity, for there is an ancient dowel hole drilled into the place where the cobra's upright body would be. While the Egyptians viewed the standing sphinx as a conqueror, the crouching sphinx was a guardian of sacred places. Thus pairs of sphinxes flanked avenues or entrances to important buildings. This sphinx was carved from a single block of beautifully grained anorthosite gneiss from quarries in Nubia. The sculptor has used the pattern in the stone to great effect on the body of the lion and has masked the potentially awkward transition from animal body to human head with the headdress and the stylized pattern representing the lion's mane. Note the difference between the ordered long strands of the mane in front and the short, overlapping tufts on the back of the shoulders. Below the beard, a palace facade (serekh) is incised topped by a falcon and the symbol for the sky. Both the king's Horus name (divine of thrones) and his throne name (shining are the life forces [kas] of Re) are written in the serekh.