小型猎犬和豺狼游戏板 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	小型猎犬和豺狼游戏板
品名（英）	Small Hounds & Jackals Game Board
入馆年号	1926年，26.3.154
策展部门	埃及艺术（Egyptian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 2030 - 公元前 1640
创作地区	来自于: 埃及（From: Egypt）
分类
尺寸	l. 6.2 厘米 (2 7/16 英寸); w. 3.7 厘米 (1 7/16 英寸); h. 5 厘米 (15/16 .
介绍（中）	在这个小游戏板上玩的游戏现在被称为"猎犬和豺狼"，这个名字来源于没有保存在这个游戏板上的又高又窄的游戏件顶部的动物头部（最完整的幸存例子见26.7.1287a-k）；金属环是固定它的机构的一部分。木板由动物形状的腿支撑，可能是公牛的腿，只有一条腿是原装的。古埃及人经常用牛和猫的腿来支撑家具和其他物品古埃及的名字以及猎犬和豺狼的规则都是未知的，但棋盘五十八个钉孔的配置和最初的两组五个棋子表明，这是一场由两个对手相互对抗的比赛。游戏可能是从靠近棋盘弯曲背面的两个更大的中心钉孔开始的，豺狼在一边玩棋子，猎犬在另一边玩。板后面最大的洞似乎标志着比赛的结束。一些洞有特殊的标记，据推测，这些标记对落在洞上的球员产生了积极或消极的后果。投掷杆很可能被用来确定一个棋子在特定的回合中前进了多远猎犬和豺狼游戏板被存放在埃及的坟墓里，尽管这个例子的磨损和修复意味着它在主人的一生中都在使用，尽管它很小。将这些游戏纳入陪葬品中表明，这不仅仅是一种愉快的消遣，而且被认为在某种程度上有益于死者，也许是通过参考来生之旅本身。古埃及人似乎只在中王国时期（约公元前2030-1650年）玩过猎犬和豺，而这块木板可能是现存最早的例子。广泛的中王国贸易关系和军事行动使该游戏向南传播到努比亚和地中海东部，并在那里流行了很长一段时间。
介绍（英）	The game played on this small board is now call "hounds and jackals," a name derived from the animal heads atop the tall, narrow playing pieces that are not preserved on this set (for the most complete surviving example see 26.7.1287a-k). A cavity under the gameboard originally held a drawer to store the playing pieces; the metal loop was part of the mechanism that secured it. The board is supported by animal-shaped legs, probably those of a bull, only one of which is original. The ancient Egyptians often used bovine and feline legs as supports for furniture and other objects. The ancient Egyptian name and the rules of hounds and jackals are unknown, but the configuration of the board's fifty-eight peg holes and the original two sets of five playing pieces indicate that it was a race game pitting two opponents against each other. The game probably began in the two larger, central peg holes near the curved back of the board, with the jackal playing pieces on one side and the hounds on the other. The largest hole at the back of the board seems to have marked the race's conclusion. Some of the holes have special markings that are presumed to have resulted in positive or negative consequences for the player who landed on them. Throw sticks were likely used to determine how far a playing piece advanced during a particular turn. Hounds and jackals gameboards were deposited in Egyptian tombs, though wear and repair to this example implies that it was used during its owner's lifetime, despite its small size. The inclusion of these games among funerary goods suggests that it was not merely a pleasant pastime, but was thought to somehow benefit the deceased, perhaps by referencing the afterlife journey itself. The ancient Egyptians seem to have played hounds and jackals only during the Middle Kingdom (ca. 2030-1650 B.C.), and this board may be the earliest surviving example. Extensive Middle Kingdom trade relations and military campaigns caused the game to spread south to Nubia and into the eastern Mediterranean, where it remained popular for a long time.