双面镰刀插入件 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	双面镰刀插入件
品名（英）	Bifacial Sickle Insert
入馆年号	1926年，26.253.38
策展部门	埃及艺术（Egyptian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 6900 - 公元前 3100
创作地区	来自于: 埃及（From: Egypt）
分类
尺寸	长 5 × 宽 1.9 × Th. 0.5 厘米, 重 5.2g (1 15/16 × 3/4 × 3/16 英寸, 0.183盎司)
介绍（中）	这一小块燧石是古埃及农业季节成功的关键因素。谷物是经济的主食，因为每天都要消费由谷物制成的面包和啤酒。它们也构成了永恒食物的基础，作为葬礼祭品。古埃及人使用由燧石和木材制成的镰刀来收割谷物。像这样的燧石碎片被塑造成与许多其他此类插入物一起放入木帽中，并用粘合剂固定。燧石块为切割谷物秸秆提供了锋利的边缘。随着使用，燧石会磨损并形成闪亮的光泽。燧石嵌件可以根据需要重新打磨或更换。像这样的双面镰刀插入物构成了埃及农业的最早证据。它们主要在公元前 5 至 4 千年制造，之后它们被在侵入性较小的修饰的薄刀片上制成的镰刀插入物所取代。刀片上的镰刀嵌件生产速度更快，但可能没有更大、更厚的双面嵌件那么长的持续时间。这一变化标志着燧石工具生产和分销系统的过渡，与国家的发展相吻合。燧石，而不是铜合金，是埃及用于制造镰刀的主要材料，直到公元前一千年铁变得更加普遍。使用燧石的原因可能是多方面的，包括诸如其丰富性、与铸造金属工具相比易于制造、燧石切割谷物的熟练程度以及制造燧石工具的人和使用它们的人之间的关系等考虑因素。
介绍（英）	This small piece of flint was a key element to a successful agricultural season in ancient Egypt. Grain was a staple of the economy, as bread and beer made from grain were consumed daily. They also formed the foundation of eternal sustenance, as funerary offerings. Ancient Egyptians used sickles made from flint and wood to reap grain. Pieces of flint such as this one were shaped to fit into a wooden haft along with a number of other such inserts, and secured with an adhesive. The flint pieces provided a sharp edge to cut the grain stalks. With use, the flint would wear down and develop a shiny gloss. The flint inserts could be re-sharpened or replaced as needed. Bifacial sickle inserts like this constitute some of the earliest evidence for farming in Egypt. They were made mainly during the 5th- 4th millennia BC, after which they were replaced by sickle inserts made on thin blades with less invasive retouch. The sickle inserts on blades were faster to produce, but likely did not last as long as the larger, thicker bifacial inserts. This change marks a transition in systems of production and distribution of flint tools that coincided with the development of the state. Flint, rather than copper alloy, was the primary material used to make sickles in Egypt until the first millennium B.C. when iron became more widely available. The reason for using flint was probably multifaceted and included considerations such as its abundance, its ease of manufacture compared to casting metal tools, flint’s proficiency at cutting grain, and the relationships between the people who made flint tools and the people who used them.