Jar（Olla），“Tuxedo”设计 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	Jar（Olla），“Tuxedo”设计
品名（英）	Jar (Olla), 'Tuxedo' Design
入馆年号	2018年，2018.699
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 950 - 公元 1400
创作地区	美国, 新墨西哥州（United States, New Mexico）
分类	陶瓷容器（Ceramics-Containers）
尺寸	高 16 1/2 × 宽 14 1/2 × 深 14 1/2 英寸 (41.9 × 36.8 × 36.8 厘米)
介绍（中）	普韦布洛人的祖先陶工们用螺旋技术手工制作了这个大罐子，或称为olla，用来储存液体或谷物。非常薄的墙壁展示了陶工用老化的高岭土基粘土制作这种容器的技巧，而不需要轮子。当容器是坚硬的皮革时，用光滑的河石或玛瑙打磨。然后，艺术家们用抹布在内部和外部表面涂上一层富含铁的白色粘土，然后用矿物或有机颜料（有时是组合）创造出对比鲜明的表面图案。表面装饰包括菱形内的一列圆形图案，类似于男性正装正面的纽扣，因此这种类型的罐子被称为"Tuxedo"。三角形的黑色区域和交叉阴影从"Tuxedo"图案延伸到罐子表面，反映了将二维形式与三维物体相适应所需的艺术精度。干燥后，容器在还原环境中的露天窑中烧制，颜料变黑史前西南部的普埃布洛人遗址和悬崖民居为今天居住在"四角"地区（科罗拉多州、犹他州、亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州）的美国原住民祖先的文化和艺术成就提供了令人印象深刻的证据。普埃布洛人祖先是拥有工程技能的农民，这些技能使他们能够建造多层砖房、礼仪建筑和灌溉工程。
介绍（英）	Ancestral Puebloan potters hand-built this large jar, or olla, to store liquid or grain, using a coiling technique. The remarkably thin walls demonstrate the skill of the potter to create such a vessel out of aged kaolinite-based clay without a wheel. When the vessel was leather-hard, it was burnished with a smooth river stone or piece of agate. Then, artists slipped the interior and exterior surfaces with a white iron-rich clay using a rag, then created the contrasting surface pattern with mineral or organic paint (sometimes a combination). The surface decoration includes a column of circular motifs within rhomboid shapes, resembling buttons on the front of men's formal wear, earning this type of jar the nickname of "Tuxedo." Triangular fields of black and crosshatching spread out over the jar's surface from the "Tuxedo" motif and reflect the artistic precision necessary to adapt two dimensional forms to a three dimensional object. Once dried, the vessel was fired in an open kiln in a reducing environment where the pigment turned black. The ruins of pueblos and cliff dwellings of the Prehistoric Southwest bear impressive testimony to the cultural and artistic achievements of the ancestors of the Native American people who today inhabit the "Four Corners" region (Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico). The Ancestral Puebloan peoples were farmers with engineering skills that enabled them to construct multi-storied masonry dwellings, ceremonial structures, and irrigation works.