沙夫龙（马头防御） - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	沙夫龙（马头防御）
品名（英）	Shaffron (Horse's Head Defense)
入馆年号	2014年，2014.50
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1501 - 公元 1700
创作地区	原产国: 中国西藏或蒙古（Country of Origin: Tibet, China or Mongolia）
分类	马术装备Shaffrons（Equestrian Equipment-Shaffrons）
尺寸	高 17 1/2 英寸 (44.5 厘米); 宽 22 3/4 英寸 (57.8 厘米); 重 5 磅 8.9 盎司 (2520.3 g)
介绍（中）	任何类型的藏红花都极为罕见。这个例子，尽管它的状况受损，显示出一些在任何其他已知例子中都没有的独特特征，特别是围绕眼睛的装饰性围栏和代表鼻孔的浮雕板的使用。这些独特的元素扩展了我们对曾经存在于藏红花和喜马拉雅马盔装饰和构造中的多样性的了解。藏红花的地面是一块形状的皮革，有两个眼睛开口。每个眼睛开口都以眼睛形状的铁框为边界，睫毛在边缘周围呈穿孔卷轴的形式。在藏红花的底部中心有两个浮雕的马蹄形板，具有相似的穿孔边缘，代表鼻孔。在左右两侧边缘的中心有一个扁平的三角形板，上面有卷轴，边缘是铜合金装饰。通过侧板卷轴的穿孔可以看到红色虫胶的痕迹。睫毛、鼻孔周围和侧板上的卷轴设计通过切割线条得到增强。外部皮革表面的其余大部分被一排排小方形铁板覆盖，这些铁板在其角落重叠。每个板的中心都有一个浮雕圆顶，每个角落都有一个孔。相邻方板相交的角点每个点都由单独的空心半球形圆顶或凸台覆盖。这些凸台有一个横向的内部杆，上面穿有皮革系带，通过皮革地面缝制凸台，从而将板固定到位。皮革地面的外边缘覆盖着皮革装饰的边框。右侧有三条扁平皮革表带，左侧有三条相应表带的剩余部分;这些本来是用来把藏红花绑在马头上的。皮革地面的背面是平坦的，没有覆盖，显示了铁板缝合到外部的皮革鞋带的图案。在藏红花的右上方，地面上缺少一段皮革。藏红花是整体穿着的;几个铁老板失踪了;藏红花在中心纵向切成两半，并在其工作寿命期间重新缝合在一起，可能是为了将其安装在头部比最初制造的马小的马身上;最初，中心会有一块中央纵向铁板，大概是在藏红花变窄时被移除的。
介绍（英）	Tibetan shaffrons of any type are extremely rare. This example, despite its damaged condition, shows some distinctive features that are not found on any other known examples, particularly the decorative enframements encircling the eyes and the use of embossed plates representing the nostrils. These unique elements extend our knowledge of the variety that once existed in the decoration and construction of shaffrons and of Himalayan horse armor. The ground of the shaffron is a shaped piece of leather with two openings for the eyes. Each eye openings is bordered by an iron frame in the shape of an eye with eyelashes in the form of pierced scrollwork all around the edges. At the bottom center of the shaffron there are a two embossed horseshoe-shaped plates, with similar pierced edges, representing nostrils. At the center of the edges on the right and left sides there is a flat triangular plate pierced with scrollwork and bordered with a copper alloy trim. There are traces of red shellac visible through the piercings of the scrollwork of the side plates. The design of the scrollwork on the eyelashes, around the nostrils, and on the side plates is enhanced by incised lines. Most of the remainder of the exterior leather surface is covered by rows of small square iron plates that overlap at their corners. Each plate has a dome embossed in its center and a hole pierced through each corner. The points of the corners where the adjacent square plates meet are each covered by a separate hollow hemispherical dome or boss. These bosses have a transverse interior bar, over which a leather lacing is threaded to sew the bosses through the leather ground and thereby secure the plates in place. The exterior edge of the leather ground is covered with a border of leather trim all around. There are three flat leather straps on the proper right side and the remains of three corresponding straps on the left side; these would have been used to tie the shaffron to a horse's head. The reverse of the leather ground is plain and uncovered, showing the pattern of the leather laces that by which the iron plates are stitched to the exterior. There is a section of leather missing from the ground at the top proper right of the shaffron. The shaffron is worn overall; several iron bosses are missing; the shaffron has been cut in half longitudinally up the center and stitched back together during its working lifetime, possibly to fit it to a horse with a smaller head than it was originally made for; originally there would have been a central longitudinal iron plate in the center, which presumably was removed when the shaffron was narrowed.