剑、匕首和皮带钩 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	剑、匕首和皮带钩
品名（英）	Sword, Scabbard, and Belt Hook
入馆年号	2014年，2014.262.1a–c
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1475 - 公元 1875
创作地区	原产国: 中国西藏（Country of Origin: Tibet, China）
分类	剑（Swords）
尺寸	长 without scabbard 39 英寸 (99.1 厘米); 宽 2 1/2 英寸 (6.4 厘米); 重 2 磅 9.4 盎司 (1173.7 g); 重 of scabbard 1 磅 15.7 盎司 (898.7 g); 重 of belt hook (c) 2 盎司 (56.7 g)
介绍（中）	剑身中央蜿蜒的木纹图案是现存藏剑中最复杂、最美丽的图案之一。剑柄和剑鞘的金银装饰也是当时质量最高的。1860年8月21日，第二次鸦片战争期间，爱德华·亨利·勒农中尉（1838–1893）在中国北部塔库堡战役中缴获了这把剑。莱农因在这场战役中的表现而被授予维多利亚十字勋章这把剑对其花纹焊接刀片的质量和独特性很重要；作为一个优秀的例子，西藏的剑被制成悬挂在剑带上的中国时尚；其整体保存状态；以及它有趣的出处。在锻造绝大多数传统西藏刀片时使用的图案焊接技术产生了由一系列明暗交替的v形线组成的特征性表面外观，称为"发夹"图案。这个例子是为数不多的与这个规范不同的西藏刀片中的一个例外。此外，剑刃的长度之长和中国时尚佩戴的装具风格将其与一小群装备相似的藏剑联系在一起，这些剑都有高度装饰的剑柄和剑鞘剑柄由一个铁三叶形的鞍部组成，鞍部侧面宽阔平坦；水平包裹在普通银丝中的把手；把手底部的铁项圈；以及一个圆形端部、尖头边缘、向下翻转的侧面和开放的中空内部的铁护板。鞍部和握把领的侧面用金色镶嵌（金线打磨成精细的十字线地面），短而重复的斜带包含风格化的纳粹标记图案。在鞍马背部的中央，有一个小铁环连接在圆形花瓣状的银色底座上。鞍部的正面是空白的，但最初是用银色的珊瑚石或绿松石装饰的。在握把领的中心有一块镶有金边的铜饰板，上面有对称的叶子图案。护具顶部饰有一条凹陷的带子，两侧凿有重复的三叶图案；带子和三叶图案都是金镶嵌的。直的单刃刀片有一个短的倾斜尖端和一个从刀片底部延伸到距离尖端约两英寸的明显的杂色图案焊接带长方形的长鞘两侧和底部都有一个铁框架。一个凹陷的边界贯穿框架前部的整个长度，并雕刻有一个重复的金色镶嵌卷轴主题。框架的侧面和底部用金色镶嵌，短而重复的对角线带包含风格化的纳粹标记图案。相框的背面没有装饰。剑鞘正面的顶部六英寸和底部九英寸被一块镶有穿孔的镀金铜片覆盖，铜片上有郁郁葱葱的滚动树叶和花朵。在面板之间，鞘的木芯被绿色皮革覆盖在两个平行的凹形通道上，凹形通道在中央脊的两侧纵向延伸。剑鞘背面的整个长度都覆盖着绿色皮革。两个铁制悬架，用黄金凿制和镶嵌，固定在剑带上的带子框架的顶部边缘。每个支架的中心都有一个短的枢轴横杆。每一个支架上都有一条装饰带包裹着剑鞘，包括一个半球形珊瑚珠，镶嵌在金边铜圆形表圈中，表圈边缘有花瓣，顶部是多叶的银色底座。背部束带刻有简单的希腊钥匙图案配套的皮带钩由铁制成，突出金色镶嵌装饰。它包括一个连接在旋转钩上的小搭扣，旋转钩在一个短矩形槽的顶部旋转，该槽铰接在一个大的开口环上。
介绍（英）	The sinuous wood-grain pattern running down the center of the blade is among the most intricate and beautiful on any Tibetan sword in existence. The gold-and-silver decoration of the hilt and scabbard is also of the highest quality for the period. Lieutenant Edward Henry Lenon (1838–1893) captured the sword in China at the Battle of North Taku Fort on August 21, 1860, during the Second Opium War. Lenon was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions in this battle. This sword is important for the quality and distinctiveness of its pattern welded blade; as an excellent example of a Tibetan sword made to be worn suspended from a sword belt in the Chinese fashion; for its overall state of preservation; and for its interesting provenance. The pattern welding technique used in the forging of the vast majority of traditional Tibetan blades results in a characteristic surface appearance consisting of a series of alternating light and dark v-shaped lines referred to as a "hairpin" pattern. This example is exceptional among the few Tibetan blades that vary from this norm. In addition, the great length of the blade and the style of mounting made to be worn in the Chinese fashion associate it with a small group of similarly outfitted Tibetan swords, all with highly decorated hilts and scabbards. The hilt consists of an iron trefoil-shaped pommel with broad, flat sides; a grip wrapped horizontally in plain silver wire; an iron collar at the base of the grip; and an iron guard with rounded ends, cusped edges, down turned sides and an open, hollow interior. The sides of the pommel and the grip collar are damascened in gold (gold wire burnished onto to a finely crosshatched ground) with short repeating diagonal bands containing a stylized swastika pattern. In the center of the back of the pommel there is a small iron ring attached to a circular petal-shaped silver base. The front of the pommel is blank, but was originally decorated with a coral or turquoise stone set in silver. In the center of the grip collar there is an inset gilt copper plaque with a symmetrical leaf motif. The top of the guard is decorated with a recessed band and the sides are chiseled with a repeating trefoil pattern; both the band and the trefoil pattern are damascened in gold. The straight single-edged blade has a short oblique tip and a prominent band of variegated pattern welding running from the base of the blade to approximately two inches from the tip. The long rectangular scabbard has an iron frame covering the full length of both sides and the bottom. A recessed border runs the entire length of the front of the frame and is chiseled with a repeating scroll motif damascened in gold. The sides and bottom of the frame are damascened in gold with short repeating diagonal bands containing a stylized swastika pattern. The back of the frame is undecorated. The top six inches and the bottom nine inches of the front of the scabbard are covered by an inset pierced gilt copper panel of lush scrolling foliage and blossoms. Between the panels the wooden core of the scabbard is covered in green leather over two parallel concave channels running lengthwise on either side of a central ridge. The entire length of the back of the scabbard is covered in green leather. Two iron suspension brackets, chiseled and damascened in gold, are attached to the top edge of the frame for the straps from the sword belt. Each bracket has a short pivoting crossbar in the center. A decorative band wraps around the scabbard at each bracket and comprises a hemispherical coral bead set in a gilt copper circular bezel edged with petals and on top of a leafy silver base. The back strap is incised with a simple Greek key motif. The matching belt hook is made of iron highlighted with gold damascened decoration. It comprises a small buckle attached to a swivel hook that rotates at the top of a short rectangular slot, which is hinged to a large open loop.