吊坠 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	吊坠
品名（英）	Pendant
入馆年号	2015年，2015.677
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 0
创作地区	墨西哥南部、危地马拉、洪都拉斯或伯利兹（Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, or Belize）
分类	石头装饰品（Stone-Ornaments）
尺寸	高 3 × 宽 1 1/2 × 深 1 1/2 英寸 (7.6 × 3.8 × 3.8 厘米)
介绍（中）	这个明亮的绿色玉坠描绘了一个玛雅统治者戴着超自然生物的头饰。高度抛光的石头的下半部分是玛雅领主的自然主义面孔，他的嘴唇微微分开，好像要说话。这张脸似乎从头饰中描绘的神灵张开的下巴中浮现出来。玉的肖像与玛雅人对统治的信仰密切相关，特别是它与神力的联系（见2007.134）。作品的顶点终止于一种视觉元素，这在艺术家描绘古典晚期（约公元 550 – 900 年）国王和王后佩戴的皇冠珠宝中很常见，尤其是在 7 世纪和 8 世纪。事实上，吊坠本身很可能是胸镶或皇冠上的宝石，是皇家王冠的核心，例如在重要历史人物的坟墓中发现的那些。穿过反面钻孔的纤维会将宝石固定在树皮纸或布纤维冠冕上，而沿着尺子肖像下颚的多个钻孔将使珠子在下面晃来晃去。钻孔中的红色颜料表明它曾经是葬礼组合的一部分，玛雅人在埋葬时经常撒上红色矿物，因为国王或王后将他或她的珠宝带入来世。这件作品因其相对大小、苹果绿玉（玛雅人最喜欢的色调）的美丽以及作品的杰出雕塑品质而出类拔萃。丰富的体积雕刻使这件作品与已知的、扁平的构图区分开来。还有另外两个质量和图像相当的吊坠。第一个是为危地马拉彼德拉斯内格拉斯的统治者创建的，后来存放在墨西哥奇琴伊察的大天然井中;它现在被哈佛大学皮博迪博物馆收藏。第二个是从蒂卡尔的77号墓葬中挖掘出来的，这可能是这座城市在9世纪被遗弃之前的最后统治者。
介绍（英）	This bright green jade pendant depicts a Maya ruler wearing the headdress of a supernatural being. The lower half of the highly polished stone is a naturalistic face of a Maya lord whose lips are slightly parted, as if about to speak. The face seems to emerge from the gaping jaws of the deity depicted in the headdress. The iconography of the jade ties it strongly with Maya beliefs about rulership, particularly its connection with divine powers (see 2007.134). The apex of the work terminates in a visual element that is common in artists’ depictions of crown jewels worn by Late Classic period (ca. A.D. 550 – 900) kings and queens, especially in the 7th and 8th centuries. In fact, the pendant itself was likely a pectoral or a crown jewel, the centerpiece of a royal diadem, such as those found in the tombs of important historical figures. Fiber run through drill holes on the reverse side would have affixed the jewel to a bark paper or cloth fiber diadem, and multiple drill holes along the jaw of the ruler’s portraits would have allowed beads to dangle below. Red pigment in the drill holes indicates it was once part of a funerary assemblage, which the Maya often dusted with red minerals upon burial, as a king or queen took his or her jewels into the next life. The work is exceptional for its relative size, the beauty of the apple-green jade (the shade most preferred by the Maya), and the outstanding sculptural qualities of the work. The richly volumetric carving sets this work apart from known, flatter compositions. There are two other pendants of comparable quality and imagery. The first was created for a ruler at Piedras Negras, Guatemala, and later deposited in the Great Cenote at Chichen Itza, Mexico; it is now in the collections of the Peabody Museum at Harvard University. The second was excavated from Burial 77 at Tikal, which likely held the final ruler of the city before its abandonment in the 9th century.