圣·芭芭拉 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	圣·芭芭拉
品名（英）	Saint Barbara
入馆年号	2018年，2018.836.2
策展部门	美国之翼（The American Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1775 - 公元 1799
创作地区
分类
尺寸	41 1/4 × 35 英寸 (104.8 × 88.9 厘米)
介绍（中）	圣母殉道者圣巴巴拉在云朵上被抬向天空，伴随着两对普蒂和小天使。她伸出右手，抓住一根象征殉难的棕榈枝。她左手拿着一个圣杯和一个主人。她身边有大量象征性的物品和属性，这些物品和属性将世俗的财富和快乐与折磨和殉难的工具进行了对比。圣人下面的风景是两个叙事小插曲和一个神圣寓言的背景。左边是圣巴巴拉在一个戴着头巾的刽子手手中的殉难，他挥舞着剑时被闪电击中。在他们身后是一座塔，据传说，芭芭拉被她的异教徒父亲隔离在那里，试图阻止她与追求者和基督教传教者见面，但没有成功。这座塔的三扇窗户，其中一扇是芭芭拉促成的，象征着三一教堂。画布的另一边是一个死亡之珠场景，几乎可以肯定地描绘了圣斯坦尼斯劳斯·科斯特卡在调用圣巴巴拉后从天使那里得到维亚提库姆。这一幕体现了圣巴巴拉在死亡时刻作为守护神的角色，为确保最后的圣礼得到接受而进行干预。在中心场景中，上帝的羔羊（Agnus dei）站在一个封闭花园（hortus conclusus）中心的土堆上。羔羊流血进入圣杯，圣杯溢出四条溪流（暗指天堂的四条河流），灌溉下面的花园。羔羊上方刻着的短语"Vinum egrapare faciens Virgines"取自扎卡里亚斯（9:17）的预言："因为他身上有什么好东西，他身上又有什么美东西，除了当选者的玉米和涌现出处女的葡萄酒。"这则寓言的圣餐主题通过包含一个小贝壳卡通来强调，其中包含了对《最后的晚餐》的描绘。
介绍（英）	The virgin martyr St. Barbara is lifted heavenward on a cloud, accompanied by pairs of putti and cherubim. In her outstretched right hand, she grasps a palm branch, a symbol of martyrdom. In her left hand, she holds a chalice and host. She is flanked by heaps of symbolic objects and attributes that contrast earthly riches and pleasures with the instruments of her torture and martyrdom. The landscape below the saint is the setting for two narrative vignettes and a sacred allegory. On the left is the martyrdom of St. Barbara at the hands of a turbaned executioner who is struck by lightning as he swings his sword. Behind them is the tower where, according to legend, Barbara was sequestered by her pagan father in an unsuccessful effort to keep her from both suitors and Christian proselytizers. The tower’s three windows, one of which Barbara caused to be added, make symbolic reference to the Trinity. On the opposite side of the canvas is a deathbead scene that almost certainly depicts St. Stanislaus Kostka receiving the Viaticum from an angel after invoking St. Barbara. The scene exemplifies St. Barbara’s role as patroness at the hour of death, intervening to assure that last sacraments are received. In the central scene, the Lamb of God (Agnus dei) stands on a mound at the center of an enclosed garden (hortus conclusus). The lamb bleeds into a chalice, which overflows in four streams (an allusion to the four rivers of Paradise) and irrigates the garden plots below. The phrase "Vinum germinare faciens Virgines," inscribed above the lamb, is taken from the prophecy of Zacharias (9:17): "For what is the good thing of him, and what is his beautiful thing, but the corn of the elect, and the wine springing forth virgins." The Eucharistic theme of the allegory is underscored by the inclusion of a small shell cartouche containing a depiction of the Last Supper.