Halberd公司 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	Halberd公司
品名（英）	Halberd
入馆年号	2020年，2020.251
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1375 - 公元 1425
创作地区	原产国: 瑞士（Country of Origin: Switzerland）
分类	带柄武器（Shafted Weapons）
尺寸	长 78 1/2 英寸 (199.39 厘米)
介绍（中）	戟是瑞士的标志性武器，是瑞士独立的真实和象征性表现，在中世纪晚期和文艺复兴早期，拥有这种武器的非贵族步兵能够成功对抗主要由贵族组成的传统重骑兵的外部军队，从而保障了瑞士独立。这把戟是罕见而重要的，因为它的早期，从它的形式和结构来看；保留了它的原始枪杆，这可能是现存最早的原始枪管，也是16世纪以前很少发现完整和未经改动的参谋武器的特征；轴的横截面是圆形的，这是另一个早期特征，在15世纪被大多数参谋武器轴上更典型的四边形截面所取代。还有一个早期的特征是有两个"眼睛"，轴的顶部插入其中。这种结构形式在15世纪初被一种更坚固、居中放置的插座所取代。从本质上讲，这把戟的头部代表了戟从杆上的长弯刀发展到其典型形式的一个重要的早期过渡阶段，该典型形式包括斧刃、上方的矛尖和后方的尖刺。它是创造战争民主化中广泛使用的工具的关键一步，作为一种高度装饰的仪式手臂，作为军衔的象征，它有着漫长的生命力，在欧洲和美国一直使用到18世纪。
介绍（英）	The halberd is the signature weapon of Switzerland, a real and symbolic manifestation of Swiss independence, which was safeguarded in the late medieval and early Renaissance periods by the ability of non-noble infantry armed with such weapons to successfully confront outside armies that relied on traditional heavy cavalry comprised mostly of noblemen. This halberd is rare and important for its early date, indicated by its form and construction; for retaining its original shaft, possibly the earliest original shaft to survive and a feature that is seldom found intact and unaltered on staff weapons predating the sixteenth century; and for the fact that the shaft is round in cross section, another early feature that was superseded in the fifteenth century by the much more typical quadrangular section one sees on the hafts of most staff weapons. Also an early feature is the presence of two “eyes,” through which the top of the shaft is inserted. This form of construction was superseded by a stronger, centrally placed socket in the early fifteenth century. In essence, the head of this halberd represents an important early transitional stage in the development of halberds from long curved knives on poles into their canonical form comprising an axe blade combined with a spear point above and a spike behind. It presents a key step in the creation of what became a widely used tool in the democratization of warfare, with a long afterlife as a highly decorated ceremonial arm that was carried as a sign of rank, remaining in use in Europe and America well into the eighteenth century.