约翰·马哈德的粉末号角 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	约翰·马哈德的粉末号角
品名（英）	Powder Horn of John Mahard
入馆年号	2021年，2021.429
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者	John Bush【1720 至 1763】【美国人】
创作年份	公元 1756
创作地区	原产国: 美国（Country of Origin: United States）
分类	枪支配件火药角（Firearms Accessories-Powder Horns）
尺寸	长 12 3/8 英寸 (31.5 厘米); Max. diam. 2 3/4 英寸 (6.8 厘米); 重 7 5/8 盎司 (216 g)
介绍（中）	这是法国和印度战争中罕见的号角，由约翰·布什装饰，他是乔治湖学派的首批主要雕刻师之一，也是已知的唯一一位装饰号角的美国黑人布什在乔治湖畔威廉亨利堡的马萨诸塞州省级民兵部队服役时，就树立了这个榜样。James Fenimore Copper的小说（1826年）《最后的莫西干人》（The Last of The Mohicans）在《最后的莫希干人》中广为传播，1757年堡垒被围困并向法国及其土著盟友投降，构成了战争中一个特别严峻的插曲。尽管布什逃脱了堡垒其他居住者的命运，他们违反投降条款遭到屠杀，但不久之后，他在法国羁押期间死于战俘。这是在堡垒倒塌前一年完成的，是他为连队的一名民兵同伴雕刻的唯一幸存的号角在18世纪的殖民地美国，携带火药供个人使用是一种常见的做法，火药角实际上是用牛角的角蛋白鞘制成的。这些护套不仅中空且天然防水，其扭曲的形状还确保了它们在紧贴身体时能够紧贴身体。更重要的是，它们的圆锥形结构提供了一个狭窄的点，通过这个点，火药可以方便地倒进步枪或长枪的枪管。这种粉末喇叭的外表面可以是空白的或装饰的这只角因其装饰而重要，它在执行中既原始又优雅，而且具有历史意义。装饰图案和文字是约翰·布什雕刻的角的特征。这些作品都可以追溯到法国和印度战争（1754-63）的开始，这场战争反对英国和法国及其各自在北美的土著盟友。布什当时在马萨诸塞州的省级民兵组织服役，帮助英国人，并驻扎在乔治湖的战略据点威廉·亨利堡。他为自己公司的下士约翰·马哈德雕刻了这个角。这是他为马萨诸塞州的一位民兵同僚授勋的唯一例子。
介绍（英）	This is a rare horn from the French and Indian War, embellished by John Bush, one of the first major carvers of the Lake George School and the only Black American known to have decorated horns. Bush carved this example while he served in the Massachusetts provincial militia at Fort William Henry on Lake George. Popularized by The Last of the Mohicans, James Fenimore Copper's novel (1826), the fort's siege and its capitulation to the French and their Indigenous allies in 1757 form a particularly grim episode of the War. Although Bush escaped the fate of other occupants of the fort, who were massacred contrary to the terms of the capitulation, he died a prisoner of war shortly thereafter, while he was in French custody. Completed a year prior to the fort's fall, this is the only surviving horn that he is known to have carved for a fellow militiaman in his company. In eighteenth-century Colonial America it was common practice to carry gunpowder for one’s personal use in powder horns, receptacles actually made from the keratin sheaths of cattle horns. These sheaths were not only hollow and naturally water proof, their twisted shapes also ensured that they would fit snugly when carried against one’s body. What is more, their conical structure provided a narrow point through which the gunpowder could be conveniently poured down the barrel of a musket or longrifle. The exterior surface of such powder horns could be left blank or decorated. This horn is important for its ornamentation, which is both original and graceful in execution, and for its historical significance as well. The ornamental motifs and the lettering are characteristic of the horns carved by John Bush. These works all date to the beginning of the French and Indian War (1754–63), a conflict that opposed the British and the French and their respective Indigenous allies in North America. Bush was then serving in the Massachusetts provincial militia to help the British, and stationed at Fort William Henry, a strategic stronghold on Lake George. He carved this horn for John Mahard, a corporal in his own company. It is the only example that he is known to have decorated for a fellow Massachusetts militiaman.