带有动物头的仪式容器 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	带有动物头的仪式容器
品名（英）	Ceremonial vessel with animal heads
入馆年号	2021年，2021.431
策展部门	亚洲艺术（Asian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1700 - 公元 1799
创作地区
分类	陶瓷制品（Ceramics）
尺寸	高 11 1/4 英寸 (28.5 厘米); 宽 10 5/8 英寸 (27 厘米)
介绍（中）	这是一个罕见的例子，从清朝早期的御用瓷器。这种类型的器皿最早出现在十五世纪末至十六世纪初，当时明朝在各个国家祭坛上规范用于仪式的瓷器器皿。一份官方的仪式手册将这种类型的罐子确定为葡萄酒容器（卓尊）。虽然器皿名称来源于古代典籍，但其形状却是新的。明朝决定用瓷器来代替古代使用的青铜礼器。1748年，当乾隆皇帝（1736–95年在位）更新礼制时，这种类型的器皿被重新归类为酒器或大器（台尊）。不同的祭坛被分配了不同的器皿颜色：蓝色代表天坛，黄色代表地坛，红色代表太阳坛，浅蓝色代表月亮坛。从乾隆时期开始，一直持续到十九世纪末，这些作品的底座上都有统治标记。这件作品仍然沿用了早期的风格，没有任何标记的无釉底座。但这件作品上的兽首与明代的兽首不同。这只花瓶的头部与乾隆的作品很接近，浅黄色的釉料和形状也与18世纪初的花瓶很接近。基于这些相似性，这件作品的年代可以追溯到乾隆早期。
介绍（英）	This jar is a rare example of the kind of imperial porcelain made for ceremonial use from the early Qing dynasty. This type of vessel first appeared in the late fifteenth to early sixteenth century, when the imperial Ming court regulated porcelain vessels for ritual ceremonies at various state altars. An official ritual manual identifies this type of jar as a wine container (zhuozun). Although the vessel name comes from the ancient classics, the shape was new. The Ming court decided to use porcelain wares in place of the ritual bronze vessels used in ancient times. When the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1736–95) renewed the ritual manual in 1748, this type of vessel was reclassified as a wine container or great vessel (taizun). Different altars were assigned different vessel colors: blue for the Altar to Heaven, yellow for the Altar to the Earth, red for the Altar to the Sun, and light blue for the Altar to the Moon. Starting in the Qianlong period and continuing to the end of the nineteenth century, pieces bear reign marks on their bases. This piece still follows the earlier style of having an unglazed base with no mark. But the animal heads on this piece are distinct from those on Ming examples. The heads are close to those on Qianlong pieces and the vase’s light yellow glaze and form are also close to those from the early eighteenth century. Based on these similarities, this piece can be dated to no later than the early Qianlong period.