欧洲和美国 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	欧洲和美国
品名（英）	Europe and America
入馆年号	1959年，59.208.9
策展部门	欧洲雕塑和装饰艺术（European Sculpture and Decorative Arts）
创作者	Vincennes Manufactory【1740 至 1756】【法国人】
创作年份	公元 1747 - 公元 1757
创作地区
分类	陶瓷-瓷器（Ceramics-Porcelain）
尺寸	整体: 12 1/2 × 10 5/8 × 6 7/8 英寸 (31.8 × 27 × 17.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	文森斯瓷器厂制作的人物和人物组数量非常有限;直到 1756 年搬到塞夫尔的一座更大的建筑后，工厂才大规模生产数字。这个具有欧洲和美洲拟人化的组是用代表亚洲和非洲大陆的吊坠制成的。在目前的构图中，欧洲被描绘成戴着皇冠，斜倚在她的马上，脚下有旗帜和聚宝盆。美国戴着羽毛头饰和裙子，拿着一把带箭袋的弓，背后有一条鳄鱼。在十八世纪，这些不同的属性将使它们所暗示的两个大陆立即可以识别。最初在文森斯生产的绝大多数人物都没有用珐琅装饰，而只是上釉。也许是因为发现釉料掩盖了建模的细节，所以在1752年之后很少用于图形。在此日期之后生产的样品通常不上釉，处于所谓的饼干状态，其中烧制的白瓷类似于大理石。饼干人物的更大流行与发展中的新古典主义品味相吻合，新古典主义品味特别重视古代大理石雕塑。
介绍（英）	A very limited number of figures and figure groups were made at the Vincennes porcelain factory; it was only after the move to a larger building at Sèvres in 1756 that the factory produced figures on a significant scale. This group with the personifications of Europe and America was made with a pendant, which represents the continents of Asia and Africa. In the present composition, Europe is depicted wearing a crown and reclining against her horse, with flags and a cornucopia at her feet. America, in a feathered headdress and skirt, holds a bow with a quiver of arrows and has a crocodile at her back. In the eighteenth century, these various attributes would have made the two continents to which they allude immediately identifiable. The vast majority of the figures first produced at Vincennes were not decorated with enamels but were only glazed. Perhaps because glaze was found to obscure the details of the modeling, it was used very rarely on figures after 1752. Examples produced after this date customarily were left unglazed, in the so-called biscuit state, in which the fired white porcelain resembles marble. The greater popularity of biscuit figures coincided with the developing Neoclassical taste, which held the marble sculpture of antiquity in especially high regard.