Snafle钻头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	Snafle钻头
品名（英）	Snaffle Bit
入馆年号	1942年，42.50.504
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元 801 - 公元 1000
创作地区	据说发现于: 德国, 亚琛（Said to be found in: Germany, Aachen）
分类	马术器械钻头（Equestrian Equipment-Bits）
尺寸	高 5 英寸 (12.7 厘米); 宽 7 1/2 英寸 (19.1 厘米); 重 13.9 盎司 (394.1 g)
介绍（中）	如果维京人大多以才华横溢的水手而闻名，人们可能会忘记他们也是骑马的人，就像在所有日耳曼文化中一样，马在他们的社会中，无论是在社会还是宗教方面，都具有重要意义。维京人的葬礼上经常会发现马镫、马刺和马鞭等马术装备，这些都是战士们想要带到死后的物品。精英们有时甚至会伴随着牺牲的马匹，考虑到马匹的高经济价值，这在当时是一种有意义的做法 Snafle钻头是最简单的马钻头，对肋骨（马的下巴没有牙齿的部分）和唇角都有作用。这种钻头的牙套由两个铰接连杆组成，截面为方形，有细脊。牙套两侧是垂直的颧骨，颧骨上有穿孔的方形饰板，用来将钻头挂在缰绳上。将缰绳系在钻头两侧悬挂的大环上咬嘴上的尖锐脊使其变得粗糙，防止马用下巴抓住钻头（马需要有一个放松的下巴才能使钻头有效）。当它们被拉动时，颧骨会挤压嘴唇的角落，迫使马停下来。它们还可以帮助指示马的方向，防止戒指从嘴里穿过。
介绍（英）	If the Vikings are mostly known for being talented sailors, one may forget they were also horse riders, and as in all the Germanic cultures, horses had great importance in their society, in both its social and religious aspects. Equestrian equipment, like stirrups, spurs and bits, are regularly found in Viking burials, among the goods warriors wanted to bring with them to the afterlife. The elite would sometimes even be accompanied by sacrificed horses, a meaningful practice at that time, considering the high economic value of horses. The snaffle bit is the simplest type of horse bit, and has an effect on the bars (part of the horses’ jaw without teeth) and the corners of the lips. The mouthpiece of this bit consists in two articulated links, square in section, with thin ridges. The mouthpiece is flanked by vertical cheekpieces with pierced square plaques, used to hang the bit from the bridle. Reins were attached to the large rings hanging from each side of the bit. The sharp ridges on the mouthpiece make it harsh, preventing the horse from grasping the bit with its jaws (the horse needed to have a relaxed jaw for the bit to be effective). When they were pulled, the cheekpieces would compress the corners of the lips, forcing the horse to stop. They would also help indicate the direction to the horse and keep the rings from pulling through the mouth.