十字架 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	十字架
品名（英）	Crucifix
入馆年号	1989年，1989.346
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1600 - 公元 1700
创作地区	安哥拉（Angola）
分类	金属雕塑（Metal-Sculpture）
尺寸	高 11 7/8 x 宽 6 1/8 英寸 (30.2 x 15.5厘米)
介绍（中）	孔戈艺术家铸造的黄铜十字架反映了基督教对孔戈文化的影响。1490年，在第一批葡萄牙探险家遇到当时广阔而繁荣的孔戈王国不到十年后，传教士被派到那里建立基督教定居点。尽管国王及其继任者几乎立即皈依，但基督教从未取代传统宗教信仰。相反，基督教的仪式对象获得了许多与它们所要取代的魅力和权力对象相同的含义和功能。孔戈酋长们将其与其他官职徽章一起接受，并用它们来宣示自己作为立法者和法官的权力虽然基于欧洲模型，但孔戈艺术家制作的十字架也采用了孔戈形式。它们通常是在一个开放的模具中铸造的，使用的金属来自于从欧洲进口的马尼拉黄铜戒指。祈祷的人物，有时会像这个十字架的手臂上那样，被简化成无实体的头像，经常被添加到作品中。一些切割线描绘了基督的肋骨和他打结的腰布，这在这里比在后面的例子中更容易辨认。Chirst夸张的、张开的手和脚——连接成一个五趾的单肢——增强了这个形象的力量。
介绍（英）	Brass crucifixes cast by Kongo artists reflect the influence Christianity has had on Kongo culture. In 1490, less than a decade after the first Portuguese explorers encountered the then vast and thriving Kongo kingdom, missionaries were sent there to establish a Christian settlement. Although the king and his successor converted almost immediately, Christianity never replaced traditional religious beliefs. Instead, Christian ritual objects acquired many of the same meanings and functions of the charms and power objects they were meant to supersede. Kongo chiefs received them along with other insignia of office and used them to proclaim their power as lawgivers and judges. Although based on European models, the crucifixes made by Kongo artists also acquired Kongo forms. They were usually cast in an open mold using metal obtained from manillas, brass rings imported from Europe. Praying figures, sometimes reduced to disembodied heads as on the arms of this cross, were often added to the composition. A few incised lines depict Christ's ribs and his knotted loincloth, which are more recognizable here than in later examples. Chirst's exaggerated, splayed hands and feet--joined in a single, five-toed limb--enhance the power of this image.