流程交叉 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	流程交叉
品名（英）	Processional Cross
入馆年号	1998年，1998.37
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1300 - 公元 1500
创作地区	埃塞俄比亚（Ethiopia）
分类	金属雕塑（Metal-Sculpture）
尺寸	高 10 1/2 × 宽 5 × 深 1 英寸 (26.7 × 12.7 × 2.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	埃塞俄比亚十字架因其形式多样而在基督教艺术中是独一无二的。十字架在公元330年左右阿克苏姆帝国皈依基督教后不久就成为强烈奉献的对象。尽管埃塞俄比亚基督教艺术很古老，但由于十六世纪的伊斯兰入侵摧毁了该地区，十七世纪之前的游行十字架很少见。一个由两个环包围的金属插座被用来将这个游行十字架固定在木杖上，允许它在礼仪服务和游行期间被携带和高举。环上挂着象征玛丽面纱的彩色布。从刻有图案十字架的中央正方形发出，两个短侧臂和两个带有矩形开口的较长的垂直臂以阶梯形式终止。其中三个终点由十字形开口打断，并在其山顶支撑额外的帕蒂十字架。铸造过程中雕刻的浅线条使宽阔的平面活跃起来，同时突出了十字架的棱角形式。阶梯式十字架是一个主题，可能可以追溯到阿克苏姆帝国（约2-10世纪），当时阶梯式首都和podia是常见的建筑特征。这个图案可能指的是十字架作为生命树或基督的神圣光环，生在四兽的翅膀上。在拉利贝拉的岩石凿成的教堂中发现了类似的阶梯式十字架图案，表明该地区至少有一些十字架设计的转移。克里斯汀·温德穆勒-卢娜，2014
介绍（英）	Ethiopian crosses are unique among Christian art for their variety of form. The cross became the object of intense devotion soon after the conversion of the Aksumite empire to Christianity around 330 A.D. Despite the antiquity of Ethiopian Christian art, processional crosses antedating the seventeenth century are rare due to sixteenth-century Islamic incursions that devastated the region. A metal socket surrounded by two loops was used to affix this processional cross to a wooden staff, permitting it to be carried and held aloft during liturgical services and processions. The loops held colorful cloths symbolizing the veil of Mary. Emanating from a central square inscribed with a pattée cross, two short side arms and two longer vertical arms with rectangular openings terminate in stepped forms. Three of these terminal points are punctuated by cruciform openings, and support additional pattée crosses at their summits. Shallow lines engraved during the casting process enliven the broad planes while accenting the angular forms of the cross. The stepped cross is a motif that may date to the Aksumite empire (ca. 2nd–10th century), when stepped capitals and podia were common architectural features. The motif may reference the cross as the Tree of Life or the divine aureole of Christ borne on the wings of the Four Beasts. Similar stepped-cross motifs are found in the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela, indicating at least some transferal of cross design within the region. Kristen Windmuller-Luna, 2014