流程交叉 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	流程交叉
品名（英）	Processional Cross
入馆年号	2011年，2011.159
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1200 - 公元 1399
创作地区	埃塞俄比亚（Ethiopia）
分类	金属雕塑（Metal-Sculpture）
尺寸	高 12 13/16 × 宽 6 11/16 × 深 1 英寸 (32.5 × 17 × 2.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	埃塞俄比亚东正教教堂保留了各种十字架，用于礼仪仪式。其中最常见的是配备插座的十字架，例如这个例子，它可以安装在工作人员身上并在服务或游行期间携带。十字架中正负空间的并置会在户外游行中创造出对天空的戏剧性轮廓，或者在烛光服务中投下气势磅礴的阴影。像所有埃塞俄比亚十字架一样，这个十字架是由一位僧侣应精英赞助人的要求制作的。富有的奉献者委托礼物赠送修道院接受祈祷，提高他们的声誉，以及支持信仰。大多数埃塞俄比亚十字架都是使用失蜡铸造技术在黄铜中铸造的。因为它只允许创建每个对象中的一个，所以该技术可能促成了埃塞俄比亚金属十字架的无数多样性。在此示例中，三叶十字架已刻在四叶框架中。十字架及其框架在十字架的中间和三个末端都进一步装饰有切割线和标点同心圆。基督的形象在埃塞俄比亚的十字架上很少见，反映了埃塞俄比亚东正教对十字架作为十字架和天堂树的标志的双重信仰。因此，从顶部和框架侧面发芽的小图案交叉可能暗示着萌芽的叶子。从十二世纪开始，三叶十字架在埃塞俄比亚北部变得普遍，在著名的Yemrehenna Kristos和Lalibela教堂中发现了类似的例子。克里斯汀·温德穆勒-卢娜，2014
介绍（英）	Ethiopian Orthodox Churches retain a variety of crosses for use in liturgical ceremonies. Among the most common are crosses outfitted with sockets, such as this example, which could be mounted on a staff and carried during services or processions. The juxtaposition of positive and negative space employed in the cross would have created a dramatic silhouette against the sky during an outdoor procession, or cast an imposing shadow during a candlelit service. Like all Ethiopian crosses, this cross was made by a monk at the request of an elite patron. Wealthy devotees commissioned gifts to bestow upon monasteries to receive prayers and increase their reputation, as well as to support the faith. The majority of Ethiopian crosses were cast in brass using the lost-wax casting technique. Because it allows for only one of each object to be created, the technique may have contributed to the innumerable diversity of Ethiopian metal crosses. In this example, a trifoliate cross has been inscribed in a quatrefoil frame. Both the cross and its frame are further ornamented with incised lines and punctuated concentric circles at the middle and three terminals of the cross. Images of Christ are rare in Ethiopian crosses, reflecting Ethiopian Orthodoxy's dual belief in the cross as a sign of the Crucifixion and the Tree of Paradise. Thus, the small pattée crosses sprouting from the summit and sides of the frame may allude to budding leaves. Trifoliate crosses became common in northern Ethiopia beginning in the twelfth century, with comparable examples found in the celebrated churches of Yemrehenna Kristos and Lalibela. Kristen Windmuller-Luna, 2014