楔形文字石碑：阿特拉·哈斯，巴比伦洪水神话 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	楔形文字石碑：阿特拉·哈斯，巴比伦洪水神话
品名（英）	Cuneiform tablet: Atra-hasis, Babylonian flood myth
入馆年号	1886年，86.11.378a
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 700 - 公元前 500
创作地区
分类
尺寸	2.5 x 2.25 x 1 英寸 (6.35 x 5.72 x 2.54 厘米)
介绍（中）	大约在公元前3300年，文字的发明是行政技术的许多发展之一，包括使用几何代币进行计数和使用圆柱印章来保证交易，这些发展伴随着美索不达米亚南部第一批城市和州的发展。原始楔形文字是最早的书写形式的名称——在泥板上绘制的象形文字。渐渐地，象形文字被抽象成楔形文字（拉丁语，"楔形"）标志，这些标志是印象而非绘画的。从叙利亚地中海沿岸到伊朗西部，从赫梯-安纳托利亚到美索不达米亚南部，楔形文字的使用范围最广。它被改编成至少15种不同的语言。最后一个确定日期的楔形文字的日期对应于公元75年，尽管该文字可能在接下来的两个世纪里继续使用这块泥板碎片包含了古代阿卡德洪水故事的一部分，通常被称为Atra hasis。这部史诗告诉了诸神如何创造人类来减轻他们自己的工作，对地球上人们的噪音感到厌倦，并发出各种自然灾害——包括洪水——来毁灭人类。因为这个故事描述了一位神的干预，通过指示他建造一艘船来拯救一个人（阿特拉·哈西斯），所以它经常被比作圣经中的诺亚故事。这块石碑上的文字从左到右，描述了地球上的噪音，导致众神决定在正面摧毁人类。在反面，故事的最后出现了——众神承诺不再发动另一场洪水，让人们"永生"——以及美索不达米亚洪水幸存者的名字，在本文中，他被赋予了Ut napishtim的名字。这部史诗最著名的是古巴比伦时期的文本副本，但包括这部文本在内的几个例子表明，这个故事在后来的时期继续被复制。
介绍（英）	The invention of writing in approximately 3300 B.C. was one of many developments in administrative technology--including the use of geometric tokens for counting and cylinder seals to guarantee transactions--that accompanied the growth of the first cities and states in southern Mesopotamia. Proto-cuneiform is the name given to the earliest form of writing--pictograms that were drawn on clay tablets. Gradually, the pictograms became abstracted into cuneiform (Latin, "wedge-shaped") signs that were impressed rather than drawn. At its greatest extent, cuneiform writing was used from the Mediterranean coast of Syria to western Iran and from Hittite Anatolia to southern Mesopotamia. It was adapted to write at least fifteen different languages. The last dated cuneiform text has a date corresponding to A.D. 75, although the script probably continued in use over the next two centuries. This clay tablets fragment contains part of the ancient Akkadian flood story, often called Atra-hasis. The epic tells of how the gods created humans to alleviate their own work, grew tired of the noise of the peoples on earth, and sent various natural disasters – including a flood – to destroy the human race. Because the story describes the intervention of a god to save one man (Atra-hasis) by giving him instruction for building a boat, it is often compared to the biblical story of Noah. The text on this tablet, which reads left to right, describes the noise on earth that led to the gods’ decision to destroy humanity on the front. On the reverse, the very end of the story appears – the gods promise to never send another flood, allowing people to "last forever" – as well as the name of the Mesopotamian flood survivor, who in this text is given the name Ut-napishtim. The epic is best-known from copies of the text dating to the Old Babylonian period, but several examples, including this text, show that the story continued to be copied in later periods.