葬礼救济 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	葬礼救济
品名（英）	Funerary relief
入馆年号	1901年，01.25.1
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 50 - 公元 150
创作地区	来自于: （From: ）
分类
尺寸	20 英寸 × 14 15/16 英寸 × 9 3/4 英寸 (50.8 × 38 × 24.8 厘米)
介绍（中）	这种浮雕是公元前三个世纪繁荣的商队城市巴尔米拉的一种葬礼纪念碑，带有死者代表和简短识别铭文的浮雕被用来密封精心装饰的公共坟墓中的墓位;那些半长或半身像格式的人在公元65年之后的某个时候开始流行。浮雕描绘了一个穿着垂坠服装的女人的上半身，左肩别着一枚精致的胸针，她直接面向观众。她的头发被头巾状的头饰遮住，头饰由缠绕的布制成，边缘扭曲，戴在覆盖额头的王冠上。长而波浪的头发落在耳后，垂到肩膀上。细小的素环覆盖着她的耳朵外缘。她头上戴着一条长长的面纱，遮住双臂，只露出双手。左手拿着纺锤和纱线，这是将羊毛纺成纱线的工具，与妇女的家务劳动有关。右手举起，手掌朝外，这种姿势可能是保护性的，经常出现在巴尔米拉的妇女葬礼肖像上。她的表情很平静，她的目光没有与观众相遇，而是远远地望向远方。眼睛的虹膜和瞳孔由切开的同心圆标记，眉毛由建模的脊表示。她的小嘴巴被精致的脸颊和下巴框住，喉咙上的水平线条增加了肉质柔软的印象。浮雕在风格上可以追溯到公元 50-150 年左右，因为发型和服装的图案褶皱。她右肩上出现的铭文，难以破译，可能是后来添加的。
介绍（英）	This relief is a type of funerary monument characteristic of the prosperous caravan city of Palmyra during the first three centuries A.D. Reliefs with a representation of the deceased and a short identifying inscription were used to seal burial niches in elaborately decorated communal tombs; those with a half-length or bust format became prevalent sometime after A.D. 65. The relief depicts the upper body of a woman dressed in a draped garment, pinned at the left shoulder with an elaborate brooch, who faces directly towards the viewer. Her hair is covered by a turban-like headdress, made up of a wrapped cloth with a twisted border, worn over a diadem that covers her forehead. Long, wavy locks of hair fall behind her ears to her shoulders. Tiny plain rings cover the outer rims of her ears. She wears a long veil over her head which covers both arms, leaving only the hands exposed. The left hand holds a spindle and distaff, tools for spinning wool into yarn, which are associated with women’s domestic work. The right hand is held raised with the palm facing out, a gesture which may have been protective and is frequently seen on women’s funerary portraits from Palmyra. Her expression is serene, and her gaze does not meet the viewer’s but looks far into the distance. The iris and pupil of the eye are marked by incised concentric circles, and the eyebrows are indicated by modeled ridges. Her small mouth is framed by delicately modeled cheeks and chin, with the horizontal lines across the throat adding to the impression of fleshy softness. The relief can be stylistically dated to about 50-150 A.D. because of the hairstyle, and the patterned folds of the garment. An inscription which appears over her right shoulder, difficult to decipher, may have been added later.