按钮 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	按钮
品名（英）	Button
入馆年号	1932年，32.150.205
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 200 - 公元 699
创作地区
分类
尺寸	直径 2 厘米 x 深 .8 厘米
介绍（中）	这个小的骨骼物体在其内部和外部边缘切割出同心圆，在其圆形顶侧切割出较小的圆。物体的反面是平的。这个物体可能被用作按钮，也可能是一个心轴螺纹。考古发掘中发现的小物体的功能通常很难识别，因为它们经常是从混乱的环境中恢复的，或者会附着在已经腐烂的大物体上。它是在克特西丰地区的马阿里德四世遗址发掘的，与附近在马阿里德二世（32.150.208）发现的骨骼非常相似。克特西丰城位于底格里斯河东岸，位于伊拉克现代巴格达以南20英里（32公里）处。它作为帕提亚人和萨萨尼亚人的首都繁荣了800多年，这两个王朝是七世纪伊斯兰征服前统治古代近东的最后两个王朝。1928年至29年，由德国东方学会（Deutsche Orient Gesellschaft）赞助的一支探险队在克特西丰地区进行了系统的挖掘。1931-32年，大都会艺术博物馆和柏林Staatliche博物馆进行了一次为期一季的联合探险。进行了几次挖掘，包括在主宫殿（Taq-i Kisra）、Tell Dheheb宫殿以南的一个小设防区、Ma'aridh土堆的多座房屋，以及一个名为Umm ez-Za'tir的小土堆的额外房屋在Ctesiphon地区的挖掘过程中，从一系列名为el Ma'aridh的小土堆中挖掘出了六座房屋。这些房子遵循典型的萨珊设计，混合了方形和细长的房间。马阿里德四世的房子被部分挖掘，暴露的部分显示了房子的服务区和接待区。在发掘的东北角有两个房间，其中一个有柱子，用灰泥装饰。一个有四个壁龛的大庭院可能是房子的中心。西南部的房间似乎更具功能性，可能是服务室。一个房间可能起到了浴缸的作用，正如挖掘出的水道所示。像马阿里德四世这样的大房子显然是一个精英家庭，其巨大的面积（挖掘了1200平方米）和装饰的房间证明了这一点。
介绍（英）	This small bone object has incised concentric circles around its inner and outer edges with smaller circles incised on its rounded top-side. The reverse of the object is flat. This object may have been used as a button or may be a spindle whorl. The function of small objects found in archaeological excavations are often difficult to identify as they are frequently recovered from disturbed contexts, or would have been attached to larger objects that have since decayed. It was excavated at the site of Ma’aridh IV in the Ctesiphon area, and is very similar to the bone object found nearby at Ma’aridh II (32.150.208). The city of Ctesiphon was located on the east bank of the Tigris River, 20 miles (32 km) south of modern Baghdad in Iraq. It flourished for more than 800 years as the capital of the Parthians and the Sasanians, the last two dynasties to rule the ancient Near East before the Islamic conquest in the seventh century. Systematic excavations in the Ctesiphon area were undertaken by an expedition in 1928–29 sponsored by the German Oriental Society (Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft). The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Staatliche Museen, Berlin, undertook a joint expedition for one season in 1931–32. Several excavations were conducted, including at the main palace (Taq-i Kisra), in a small fortified area south of the palace at Tell Dheheb, at multiple houses at the mounds of Ma’aridh, and at additional houses at a small mound called Umm ez-Za’tir. Over the course of the excavations in the Ctesiphon area, six houses from a series of small mounds called el Ma’aridh were excavated. These houses follow typical Sasanian design with a mix of square and elongated rooms. The house at Ma’aridh IV was partially excavated and the exposed portions show both service and reception areas of the house. In the northeast corner of the excavations two rooms, one with pillars, were decorated with stuccos. A large courtyard with four niches probably was the center of the house. The southwest rooms seem to be more functional in nature and may have served as service rooms. One room may have functioned as a bath as indicated by the water channels excavated. A large house such as Ma’aridh IV was clearly an elite household as demonstrated by its large size (1200 square meters were excavated) and the decorated rooms.