带有古迪亚楔形文字铭文的奉献锥体：古迪亚为宁吉尔苏神建造埃尼努神庙时献给 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	带有古迪亚楔形文字铭文的奉献锥体：古迪亚为宁吉尔苏神建造埃尼努神庙时献给
品名（英）	Votive cone with cuneiform inscription of Gudea: dedicated when Gudea built the Eninnu temple for the god Ningirsu
入馆年号	1945年，45.90
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 2090
创作地区
分类
尺寸	Head: 6 厘米 (2 3/8 英寸) Top: 15.4 厘米 (6 1/8 英寸) End: 5 厘米 (2 英寸) 12.3 厘米 (4 7/8 英寸) Total: 13 厘米 (5 1/8 英寸)
介绍（中）	大约在公元前3300年，文字的发明是行政技术的许多发展之一，包括使用几何代币进行计数和使用圆柱印章来保证交易，这些发展伴随着美索不达米亚南部第一批城市和州的发展。原始楔形文字是最早的书写形式的名称——在泥板上绘制的象形文字。渐渐地，象形文字被抽象成楔形文字（拉丁语，"楔形"）标志，这些标志是印象而非绘画的。从叙利亚地中海沿岸到伊朗西部，从赫梯-安纳托利亚到美索不达米亚南部，楔形文字的使用范围最广。它被改编成至少15种不同的语言。最后一个确定日期的楔形文字的日期对应于公元75年，尽管该文字可能在接下来的两个世纪里继续使用这个泥锥上刻着从左到右的楔形文字。铭文表明，拉加什的统治者古迪亚在为宁吉苏神建造埃尼努神庙时将其供奉。在一首冗长的赞美诗中，古迪亚讲述了他翻修埃尼努神庙的梦想。这个还愿锥所纪念的作品以宁吉苏雕像进入他的新"房子"而结束。
介绍（英）	The invention of writing in approximately 3300 B.C. was one of many developments in administrative technology--including the use of geometric tokens for counting and cylinder seals to guarantee transactions--that accompanied the growth of the first cities and states in southern Mesopotamia. Proto-cuneiform is the name given to the earliest form of writing--pictograms that were drawn on clay tablets. Gradually, the pictograms became abstracted into cuneiform (Latin, "wedge-shaped") signs that were impressed rather than drawn. At its greatest extent, cuneiform writing was used from the Mediterranean coast of Syria to western Iran and from Hittite Anatolia to southern Mesopotamia. It was adapted to write at least fifteen different languages. The last dated cuneiform text has a date corresponding to A.D. 75, although the script probably continued in use over the next two centuries. This clay cone is inscribed with cuneiform text which reads from left to right. The inscription states that Gudea, ruler of Lagash, dedicated it when he built the Eninnu temple for the god Ningirsu. In a lengthy hymn, Gudea recounts the dream that directed him to renovate the Eninnu temple. The work commemorated by this votive cone ends with the procession of the statue of Ningirsu into his new "house".