四德拉克 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	四德拉克
品名（英）	Tetradrachm
入馆年号	1978年，1978.93.20
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 309 - 公元前 290
创作地区
分类
尺寸	Thickness: 3/16 英寸 (0.6 厘米) Diameter: 1 英寸 (2.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	钱币学家——研究硬币的学者——将硬币的"正面"称为"正面"，"背面"通常以人或神的头像为特征这枚四德拉克银币的正面展示了塞琉古一世（公元前312年至280年在位）的理想肖像，他戴着豹皮头盔，戴着牛角。塞琉古的喉咙周围是另一张豹皮，它的前爪在前面打结。硬币背面有一个长着翅膀、全身覆盖的耐克（胜利）雕像，站在右边。她举起双手拿着一个花圈，显然是要把它放在一个奖杯上，奖杯上有一顶头盔、一条带皮带子和裙子的胸甲，以及一个饰有星星的盾牌。所有的手臂都挂在一个大树干上，树干的下部有一根多叶的树枝。铭文上写着"塞琉古"和"巴西利厄斯"（国王）这枚硬币的图像说明了塞琉古帝国的创始人塞琉古试图使其新的国王地位合法化的方式。他头盔上和脖子上的豹皮暗指神狄奥尼索斯，根据希腊神话，他征服了印度。因此，在唤起狄奥尼索斯的回忆时，塞琉古将他的帝国与亚历山大大帝的帝国相提并论，并暗示了他自己的神圣地位。事实上，他头盔上的角是近东代表神的悠久传统的一部分这枚硬币是在伊朗设拉子东北约55英里的Pasargadae发掘的。帕萨加代由居鲁士大帝（约公元前550-530年在位）建立，是阿契美尼德波斯帝国的第一个首都。这枚硬币是遗址上的几件物品之一，表明在公元前330年帝国最终战败后，它仍然有人居住。它很可能是在苏萨的塞琉古铸币厂铸造的。
介绍（英）	Numismatists – the scholars who study coins – refer to the ‘front’ side of the coin, which usually features the head of a person or god, as the ‘obverse,’ and the ‘back’ side as the ‘reverse.’ The obverse of this silver tetradrachm coin displays an idealized portrait of Seleucus I (r. 312–280 B.C.) wearing a helmet covered with a leopard skin and adorned with a bull’s ear and horns. Around Seleucus’ throat is another leopard skin, knotted in front by means of the beast’s forepaws. The reverse of the coin has a winged, fully draped figure of Nike (Victory) standing on the right. She holds a wreath in her upraised hands, apparently about to place it upon a trophy of arms comprising a helmet, cuirass with leather straps and skirt, and a star-adorned shield. All the arms are hung upon a large tree trunk, from the lower part of which springs a leafy branch. The inscription reads "Seleucus" and "Basileus" (king). The imagery of this coin illustrates the ways in which Seleucus, the founder of Seleucid Empire, sought to legitimize his new status as king. The leopard skin on his helmet and around his neck alludes to the god Dionysus, who, according to Greek myth, conquered India. Thus in evoking Dionysus, Seleucus puts his empire on par with that of Alexander the Great and implies a divine status for himself. Indeed, the horns on his helmet are part of a long Near Eastern tradition of representing gods. This coin was excavated at Pasargadae, about 55 miles northeast of Shiraz, Iran. Pasargadae was founded by Cyrus the Great (reigned ca. 550-530 B.C.) as the first capital of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. This coin is one of several objects from the site showing that it continued to be inhabited after the empire’s final defeat in 330 B.C. It was most likely struck at the Seleucid mint at Susa.