Ushumgal和Shara igizi Abzu碑 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	Ushumgal和Shara igizi Abzu碑
品名（英）	Stele of Ushumgal and Shara-igizi-Abzu
入馆年号	1958年，58.29
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 2900 - 公元前 2700
创作地区
分类
尺寸	高 22.4 x 宽 14.7 x 深 9.5 厘米 (8 7/8 x 5 3/4 x 3 3/4 英寸)
介绍（中）	在美索不达米亚最早的书面文件中，有土地出售或赠与的记录，这些记录通常刻在石头上，并带有相关的图像，也许是为了公开展示。这块石碑上的苏美尔铭文记录了一笔涉及三块田地、三座房屋和一些牲畜的交易。沙拉神父乌苏姆加尔（Ushumgal）和他的女儿是此次交易的核心人物，但由于古老的文字，尚不清楚乌苏姆加尔是在购买、出售还是授予这些财产。两边较小的数字很可能是交易的见证人除了对理解文字发展的重要性之外，这些早期的土地文件还提供了证据，表明在美索不达米亚早期，土地可以是私人拥有的，尽管很大一部分土地仍然归众神所有，并由其寺庙管理。虽然从现代角度来看，这一发展并不令人惊讶，但在古代，它代表了一个重大的概念和文化转变。
介绍（英）	Among the earliest written documents from Mesopotamia are records of land sales or grants, often carved in stone with associated images, perhaps for public display. The Sumerian inscription on this stele records a transaction involving three fields, three houses, and some livestock. Ushumgal, a priest of the god Shara, and his daughter are the central figures of the transaction, but because of the archaic script, it is not clear whether Ushumgal is buying, selling, or granting these properties. The smaller figures along the sides very likely represent witnesses to the transaction. In addition to their importance to understanding the development of writing, these early land documents provide evidence that land could be privately owned in early Mesopotamia, although a significant proportion was still owned by the gods and managed by their temples. While this development is not surprising from a modern point of view, in antiquity it represented a momentous conceptual and cultural shift.