Tweed上的Norham城堡（Liber Studiorum，第十二部分，图版57） - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	Tweed上的Norham城堡（Liber Studiorum，第十二部分，图版57）
品名（英）	Norham Castle on the Tweed (Liber Studiorum, part XII, plate 57)
入馆年号	1928年，28.97.57
策展部门	绘画和印刷品（Drawings and Prints）
创作者	Joseph Mallord William Turner【1775 至 1851】【英国人】
创作年份	公元 1816
创作地区
分类	印刷品（Prints）
尺寸	plate: 7 x 10 5/16 英寸 (17.8 x 26.2 厘米) 页: 8 1/4 x 11 1/2 英寸 (21 x 29.2 厘米)
介绍（中）	特纳在1807年至1819年间出版的《研究之书》（拉丁语为Book of Studies）中提炼了他对风景的看法，该书共有70幅版画和一幅正面作品。为了确定构图，他绘制了棕色水彩画，然后在铜板上蚀刻轮廓。专业雕刻师通常在特纳的指导下开发色调，查尔斯·特纳在这里添加了mezzotint。这是该系列中最令人满意的作品之一，它描述了英国-苏格兰边境诺森伯兰郡诺勒姆城堡后面升起的太阳。明亮的开口点缀着破败的轮廓，形状在下面的河流中回荡。在前景中，两名男子准备在白色和棕色奶牛附近划一艘小船，这些奶牛的形状在明亮的水中显得格外突出，并因反射而加倍。特纳在他的职业生涯中反复回到这个主题，作为光的变革力量的表达，这对他来说意义深远。图像上方的字母"P"指的是艺术家的田园景观类别。
介绍（英）	Turner distilled his ideas about landscape In "Liber Studiorum" (Latin for Book of Studies), a series of seventy prints plus a frontispiece published between 1807 and 1819. To establish the compositions, he made brown watercolor drawings, then etched outlines onto copper plates. Professional engravers usually developed the tone under Turner's direction, and Charles Turner here added mezzotint. One of the most satisfying works in the series, it describes the sun rising behind Norham Castle, Northumberland, on the English-Scottish border. Bright openings punctuate the ruined silhouette, with the forms echoed in the river below. In the foreground, two men prepare to launch a skiff near white and brown cows whose forms stand out against the bright water and doubled by reflections. Turner returned to this subject repeatedly during his career and it held deep meaning for him as an expression of the transformative power of light. The letter "P" above the image refers to the artist's category of Pastoral landscape.