带有佛陀生活场景的牌匾 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	带有佛陀生活场景的牌匾
品名（英）	Plaque with Scenes from the Life of the Buddha
入馆年号	1982年，1982.233
策展部门	亚洲艺术（Asian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1100 - 公元 1199
创作地区
分类	雕塑（Sculpture）
尺寸	高 3 15/16 英寸 (10 厘米); 宽 2 15/16 英寸 (7.5 厘米); 深 1 3/16 英寸 (3 厘米)
介绍（中）	这块虔诚牌匾的中心场景描绘了悉达多战胜恶魔玛拉以及他随后的启蒙。准佛悉达多坐在树下冥想，当他的觉悟近在咫尺时，玛拉想尽一切办法阻止它。他派他的女儿们去诱惑悉达多和他的军队来扰乱他的冥想。准佛陀的回应是用右手触摸地球（bhumisparshamudra），这个手势召唤大地女神见证他获得觉悟的权利。她积极回应，玛拉和他的军队被驱散，悉达多成为释迦牟尼佛。在印度艺术中，佛陀的生活经常被浓缩并编纂成一系列八个事件。这块牌匾的中心图像周围是这些事件的描述（从左下角顺时针方向）：佛陀从母亲玛雅的一侧奇迹般地诞生;他在萨尔纳特鹿园的第一次布道;他对大象纳拉吉里的驯服，正如右侧跪着的大象所表明的那样;在顶部，他的死亡。右边缺失的场景将说明他从Trayastrimsha天堂下降，他在Shravasti创造的奇迹，以及他接受猴子献蜜。整个底座上描绘的是宇宙国王的七颗宝石，两端是奉献者，可能是赞助人。这块牌匾的小尺寸表明它是一个个人灵修物品。在缅甸发现了许多这样的神社，直到最近它们一直与该国有关。学者们现在认为，许多实际上是印度制造的，可能是由访问过印度佛教遗址的朝圣者带到缅甸的。在西藏发现了一大群类似的雕塑，也可能是虔诚的纪念品。
介绍（英）	The central scene of this devotional plaque depicts Siddhartha's victory over the demon Mara and his subsequent enlightenment. Siddhartha, the Buddha-to-be, sat under a tree in meditation and when it became clear that his enlightenment was near at hand, Mara tried everything in his power to prevent it. He sent his daughters to tempt Siddhartha as well as his armies to disrupt his meditation. The Buddha-to-be responded by touching the earth with his right hand (bhumisparshamudra), a gesture that called the earth goddess to witness his right to achieve enlightenment. She responded positively, Mara and his armies were dispersed, and Siddhartha became the Buddha Shakyamuni. In Indian art, the Buddha's life was often condensed and codified into a series of eight events. Surrounding the central image on this plaque are depictions of these events (clockwise from lower left): the miraculous birth of the Buddha from the side of his mother Maya; his first sermon at the Deer Park in Sarnath; his taming of the elephant Nalagiri, as indicated by the presence of a kneeling elephant to the right; and at the top, his death. The missing scenes running down the right side would have illustrated his descent from Trayastrimsha Heaven, the miracles he performed at Shravasti, and his acceptance of the monkey's offering of honey. Depicted across the base are the seven jewels of the universal king, flanked on either end by devotees, possibly patrons. The small size of this plaque suggests that it was a personal devotional object. Many such shrines were found in Burma, and they have been associated with that country until recently. Scholars are now suggesting that many are actually of Indian manufacture, and may have been brought to Burma, by pilgrims who had visited Indian Buddhist sites. A large group of like sculptures has been discovered in Tibet, and were also likely devotional souvenirs.