灯 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	灯
品名（英）	Lamp
入馆年号	1938年，38.40.126
策展部门	伊斯兰艺术（Islamic Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 900 - 公元 1099
创作地区	挖掘于: 伊朗, 尼沙布尔（Excavated in: Iran, Nishapur）
分类	陶瓷制品（Ceramics）
尺寸	高 1 1/4 英寸 (3.2 厘米) 宽 2 3/8 英寸 (6 厘米) 长 3 1/8 英寸 (7.9 厘米)
介绍（中）	这盏小油灯代表了大都会博物馆在尼沙布尔发掘期间发现的最常见的陶瓷灯类型。它的特点包括带有环形手柄的圆形主体和用于固定灯芯的细长"喷口"。随着十一世纪后期更坚固的石膏陶瓷织物的引入，这些灯的壶嘴的挤压变得更加明显。这种灯类型也得到了金属的证实，并在伊朗东北部的地点被发现。这种形状的流行在考古学上将伊朗高原与美索不达米亚，胡齐斯坦和叙利亚区分开来，那里的古董"拖鞋灯"和开放的碗形形式在陶瓷灯和金属灯中占主导地位。研究表明，在伊斯兰世界，与石膏相关的技术的第一次实验发生在九世纪的伊拉克，其中石英基滑道被应用于铅釉陶器皿的表面。真正的石膏可能在十世纪和十一世纪的埃及得到完善，然后传播到叙利亚和伊朗，在那里它在多个生产中心蓬勃发展。
介绍（英）	This small oil lamp represents the most common type of ceramic lamp found during the Metropolitan Museum’s excavations at Nishapur. Its characteristics include a rounded body with a ring-shaped handle and an elongated "spout" used to hold the wick. With the introduction of the firmer stonepaste ceramic fabric in the late eleventh century, the pinching of the spouts of these lamps becomes more pronounced. This lamp type is also attested in metal and has been found at sites throughout northeastern Iran. The popularity of this shape archaeologically distinguishes the Iranian plateau from Mesopotamia, Khuzistan and Syria, where the antique "slipper lamp" and an open, bowl-shaped form predominate in both ceramic and metal lamps. Research suggests that in the Islamic world, the first experimentations with technologies related to stonepaste occurred in ninth-century Iraq where quartz-based slips were applied to the surfaces of lead-glazed earthenware vessels. True stonepaste was probably perfected in Egypt during the tenth and eleventh centuries and then spread to Syria and Iran where it flourished at multiple centers of production.