金颈戒指 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	金颈戒指
品名（英）	Gold Neck Ring
入馆年号	2005年，2005.366
策展部门	中世纪艺术（Medieval Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 599 - 公元前 300
创作地区	制造于: 俄罗斯南部或黑海地区（？）（Made in: Southern Russia or Black Sea Region (?)）
分类	金属制品金（Metalwork-Gold）
尺寸	整体: 7 1/2 x 7 1/2 x 1/2 英寸, 1.102磅 (19 x 19.1 x 1.2 厘米, 500g)
介绍（中）	这款优雅且技术精湛的纯金扭矩，重量超过一磅，是铁器时代欧洲金匠精湛技艺的绝佳典范。这样一个气势磅礴的物体本来是地位和权力的象征。它的良好状况表明，它可能被用作仪式祭品或被放置在坟墓中陪伴死者进入来世。它也可能只是豪华珠宝。大约在公元前50年，罗马历史学家狄奥多罗斯·西库鲁斯（Diodorus Siculus）写道，高卢的凯尔特人"收集黄金，不仅用于女性，也用于男性的装饰品，因为他们的手臂和手腕上戴着手镯，脖子上还戴着巨大的纯金项圈。扭矩可能由铸金坯料制成，该坯料沿其四个侧面的长度深切或引导，沿着一些边缘均匀地切口，然后扭曲。或者它可能是由四个刻度正方形长度的金制成的，这些金被均匀地切口然后扭曲。这种使用单股或多股黄金的技术在公元前一千年的几种文化中使用，但它们在居住在西欧大部分地区的凯尔特人中最为普遍。
介绍（英）	This elegant and technically accomplished solid gold torque, which weighs more than a pound, is a superb example of the mastery of goldsmiths in Iron Age Europe. Such an imposing object would have been an emblem of status and power. Its excellent condition suggests that it might have served as a ritual offering or been placed in a tomb to accompany the dead into the afterlife. It may also simply have been deluxe jewelry. In about 50 B.C. the Roman historian Diodorus Siculus wrote that Celts in Gaul “gather gold that is used for ornaments not only for women but men as well, for they wear bracelets on their arms and wrists and also massive solid-gold collars around their necks.” The torque may have been made from a cast gold blank that was deeply incised or channeled along its length on four sides, evenly notched along some of the edges, and then twisted. Or it may have been constructed of four graduated square lengths of gold that were evenly notched and then twisted. Such techniques employing single or multiple strands of gold were used in several cultures in the first millennium B.C., but they were most widespread among the Celts, who populated much of western Europe.