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美国纽约大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅
美国纽约大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅
美国大都会艺术博物馆中的24万件展品,图片展示以及中文和英文双语介绍(中文翻译仅供参考)
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品名(中)古钢琴
品名(英)Clavichord
入馆年号1985年,1985.210
策展部门乐器Musical Instruments
创作者Johann Heinrich Gräbner【1700 至 1777】【德国人】
创作年份公元 1700 - 公元 1799
创作地区德国(Germany)
分类齐瑟击弦古钢琴(Chordophone-Zither-struck-clavichord)
尺寸宽 across bottom: 93.7 厘米 36-7/8 英寸 深 across bottom: 31.7 12-1/2 英寸 高 without lid: 13.5 5-3/8 3-octave span: 37 14-5/8 长 naturals: 8 3-1/4 长 top string: 6.4 2-1/4 (sounding) 长 bottm string: 76.4 30-1/8 (sounding)
介绍(中)克拉维肖德早在15世纪初就已建成,也许更早。这种最个性化、最简单、最安静的欧洲键盘乐器在其400年的历史中是音乐教学、键盘练习和作曲的完美工具。古钢琴的动作相对简单:手指按下一个键,该键作为杠杆,使其另一端上升,从而使金属舌(或切线)碰到金属弦,使其产生共鸣。松开键时,弦会被阻尼。与大键琴或钢琴相比,古钢琴非常安静,因为它的发声效率很低,切线在共鸣长度的末端而不是在中间撞击琴弦。然而,切线机制允许演奏者实现更大、更柔和的音调范围(尽管很窄),以及诸如bebung(颤音的一种形式)的特殊效果,因此古钢琴曾因其亲密的表现力而受到重视。早期的古钢琴是有音的,也就是说,一根弦可能被用来创造几个不同的音符,这取决于切线敲击它的位置。无音古钢琴是在17世纪晚期开始使用的,每条弦只有一个音符

技术说明:磨砂古钢琴,无支腿的欧洲胡桃木表壳,底部全宽延伸的抽屉,有皮革铰链盖开口,露出纸张、墨水瓶等的隔间,带有大理石纸衬里的残余物,盖子支撑带固定在键盘左侧隔间的滑动盖上,织物支撑的音乐架铰接在琴弦上方的防尘板上,带有大中心孔的独立小面板覆盖了前C-e音板区域,名牌包括凹陷面板,该面板可弹出以在机架前部形成音乐休息区,C-e³双弦、三分自然黑檀木,带有拱廊正面(头上划有音符字母),梨形突起,顶部为象牙,通常为雕刻和铅重的贝司木键杆,编号如下,通过纸带上的墨水字母识别的调谐销、原始齿条销和黄铜切线(一些销已更换)、黄铜五金件、成对磨损(D和A除外)和底部倍频程。(劳伦斯·利宾,1985)
介绍(英)Clavichords were built as far back as the early fifteenth century, and perhaps earlier. This most personal, simplest, and quietest of European keyboard instruments was the perfect vehicle for music pedagogy, keyboard practice, and composition throughout its 400-year history. The action of the clavichord is relatively simple: the finger depresses a key which, working as a lever, causes its opposite end to rise so that a metal tongue (or tangent) hits a metal string, causing it to resonate. When the key is released, the string is damped. The clavichord is very quiet compared to the harpsichord or piano because of the inefficiency of its sound production, with the tangent hitting the string at the end of its resonating length, rather than in the middle. The tangent mechanism, however, allows a player to achieve a range, albeit narrow, of louder and softer tones as well as special effects like bebung, a form of vibrato, so that the clavichord was and is valued for its intimate expressiveness. Earlier clavichords were fretted, that is, a single string might be used to create several different notes, depending on where a tangent struck it. Unfretted clavichords, with a single note per string, came into use in the late seventeenth century.

Technical description: Fretted clavichord, European walnut case without legs, drawer extending full width under bottom has leather-hinged lid opening to reveal compartments for paper, ink bottles, etc., with remnants of marbled paper lining, lid support ribbon secured to sliding lid of compartment left of keyboard, fabric-backed music rack hinged into dust panel over strings, separate small panel with large central hole covers front C-e soundboard area, nameboard includes recessed panel that springs up to form music rest at front of rack, C-e³ double-strung, triple-scored ebony naturals with arcade fronts (note letters scratched on heads), pear accidentals topped with ivory, typically carved and lead-weighted basswood key levers numbered beneath, tuning pins identified by inked letters on paper strip, original rack pins and tangents of brass (some pins replaced), brass hardware, fretting in pairs except for Ds and As and bottom octave. (Laurence Libin, 1985)
  大都会艺术博物馆,英文 Metropolitan Museum of Art,是美国最大的艺术博物馆,世界著名博物馆,位于美国纽约第五大道的82号大街。
  大都会博物馆回顾了人类自身的文明史的发展,与中国北京的故宫、英国伦敦的大英博物馆、法国巴黎的卢浮宫、俄罗斯圣彼得堡的艾尔米塔什博物馆并称为世界五大博物馆。