立式钢琴 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	立式钢琴
品名（英）	Upright Piano (Ditanaklasis)
入馆年号	1889年，89.4.3256
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者	Matthias Müller【1770 至 1840】【德国人】
创作年份	公元 1800
创作地区	奥地利, 维也纳（Austria, Vienna）
分类	齐瑟敲击钢琴（Chordophone-Zither-struck-piano）
尺寸	107厘米 x 57厘米 x 157厘米
介绍（中）	马蒂亚斯·米勒（Matthias Müller）被认为是最早意识到立式钢琴优点的钢琴制造商之一，立式钢琴可以卖给中产阶级家庭，占用的空间比三角钢琴小，声音比方形钢琴好。具体来说，米勒把他的音板一直放在地板上，而其他早期的制作人则把琴弦和音板放在一个抬高的支架上。这种安排使锤子敲击到更靠近琴弦中心的地方，产生一种据说类似人声或木管乐器的音调。米勒将这种乐器命名为Ditanaklasis。博物馆的例子是少数幸存下来的例子之一，包括纽伦堡和柏林的乐器技术说明：立式表壳可能是桃花心木的，键盘下面是丝网，键盘末端下面是镂空木支架；锤击点远离螺母；据说是为了发出类似英语喇叭的音调；天然的乌木，象牙在黑色的意外块上滑落；德国立式动作，带擒纵机构和止回装置，"L"形臂，肘部枢轴转动，由键杆、升降阻尼器向上推动；两个膝部操纵杆，左侧提升阻尼器，右侧不确定功能，因为缺少相关机构；最低的41个音符是双串的，其余的是三串的，最低的8个音符是缠绕的。指南针：FF-c4（68个键）。
介绍（英）	Matthias Müller is credited as being one of the earliest piano builders to realize the advantages of upright pianos that could be sold to middle class families, taking up less space than a grand piano and offering a better sound than a square piano. Specifically, Müller ran his soundboard all the way to the floor as opposed to other early makers who elevated the strings and soundboard on a raised stand. This arrangement caused the hammers to hit nearer the center of the strings producing a tone which was said to resemble the human voice or the tone of woodwinds. Müller gave this type of instrument the name Ditanaklasis. The Museum's example is one of a handful that survive including instruments in Nuremberg and in Berlin. Technical description: Vertical case probably of mahogany, silk screen beneath keyboard, openwork wood bracket beneath keyboard ends; hammer strikepoint far from nut; supposedly in order to produce tone similar to English horn; ebony naturals, ivory slips over the black-stained accidental blocks; German upright action with escapement and backcheck, "L"-shaped arm, pivoted at elbow, is pushed up by key lever, lifting damper; two knee levers, left lifting dampers, right indeterminate function since associate mechanism is missing; lowest 41 notes double-strung, remainder triple-strung, lowest eight notes wound. Compass: FF - c4 (68 keys).