双簧管 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	双簧管
品名（英）	Oboe
入馆年号	2008年，2008.455
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者	Henri Brod【1799 至 1839】【法国人】
创作年份	公元 1837 - 公元 1838
创作地区	法国, 巴黎（France, Paris）
分类	航空电话簧片振动双簧片（Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed）
尺寸	22 3/8 × 2 × 2 英寸 (56.8 × 5.1 × 5.1 厘米)
介绍（中）	亨利·布罗德是一位杰出的表演者，曾担任巴黎歌剧院的第一位双簧管演奏家和音乐学院的教授。与他的兄弟一起，他也是一个积极的制造者。布罗德对该乐器进行了各种技术改进，其中两项在该乐器上发现：一项是连接e'-平面和c'触片的摇杆，另一项是d'半孔键（仍在使用中），它可以精确地部分覆盖音孔，以促进上八度音阶的过度低音。尽管在19世纪中叶的几十年里，技术发展越来越多地应用于双簧管和其他木管乐器，布罗德写道，双簧管在缓慢、旋律优美的段落中最为有效技术说明：简单系统双簧管，三个部分都印有"BROD"（正面）和"24"（背面）。双簧管由三段黄杨木组成，并装有象牙色的袖子。木材在上部关节和脚部的某些区域显示出微弱的突起。拇指托由一个拧入的黄铜枢轴组成。第三和第四指形孔具有双重孔。钥匙机构由黄铜制成，安装在柱子上。该系统由11个长度键组成，B自然键为最低键。布罗德兄弟的工作室非常创新，发明了许多小工具和改进。在这种双簧管中，如果当时的其他制造商使用的话，以下安排并不常见： -新发明：1）一个摇杆，连接E平和C触琴，允许在E平和C之间快速转换；2）半孔板，用于产生清晰的C形锯齿和C；3）一些键配备有与枢轴形状相同的导销 -当时不通用的按键：左手和右手的两个单独的电子平面键、一个双高C键、一块半孔板和一个扬声器键长度：218毫米（上关节）+209毫米（中关节）+139毫米（足关节）=566毫米（整体）
介绍（英）	Henri Brod was a prominent performer, serving as first oboe of the Paris Opera and professor at the Conservatoire. In conjuction with his brother, he was also active as a maker. Brod is credited with various technical improvements to the instrument, two of which are found on this instrument: a rocking lever to connect the e'-flat and c' touchpiece and the d' half-hole key (still in use), which gives precise partial covering of the tone hole to facilitate overblowing in the upper octave. Despite technical developments that were increasingly being applied to the oboe and other woodwind imnstruments during the middle decades of the nineteenth century, Brod wrote that the oboe was most effective in slow, melodic passages. Techical description: Simple system oboe, stamped on all three sections with "BROD" (front) and "24" (rear side). The oboe is composed of three sections of boxwood and mounted with ivory sleeves. The wood shows weak burls in some areas of the upper joint and foot. The thumb rest consists of a screwed-in pivot of brass. The third and fourth finger holes have double bores. The key mechanism is made of brass and mounted in pillars. The system is comprised of 11 length-keys with B-natural as lowest key. The workshop of the brothers Brod was very innovative and invented numerous gadgets and improvements. In this oboe the following arrangements were not common if at all in use by other makers of the time: - New inventions: 1) a rocking lever that connects the E-flat and C-touch-piece, allowing a swift transition between E-flat and C; 2) a half-hole plate to produce a clear C-sharp and C; 3) some keys are equipped with guide pins of the same shape as the pivots. - Keys not universally used at the time: two separate keys for e-flat key for the left and right hand, a double high C key, a half-hole plate, and a speaker key. Length: 218 mm (upper joint) + 209 mm (middle joint) + 139 mm (foot joint) = 566 mm (whole)