圣甲虫与国王的象征 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	圣甲虫与国王的象征
品名（英）	Scarab with Representation of an Enthroned King
入馆年号	1915年，15.3.337
策展部门	埃及艺术（Egyptian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1075 - 公元前 900
创作地区	来自于: 埃及（From: Egypt）
分类
尺寸	长 2 × 宽 1.4 × 高 0.9 厘米 (13/16 × 9/16 × 3/8 英寸)
介绍（中）	从公元前10世纪开始，在考古环境中发现了一种特殊类型的印章护身符。它们雕刻得相当粗糙和不规则，底部的图案主要显示狩猎场景，有角四足动物、狮子、鸵鸟和猎人的各种组合。根据切口的样式和在（北部）埃及，特别是在黎凡特南部浮出水面的大量切口，这些海豹护身符被认为是大规模生产的结果。然而，它们的起源仍在讨论中。在学术文献中，它们被标记为"后拉美赛德大规模生产的印章护身符"，可追溯到公元前 11 世纪末和 10 世纪，即埃及的 21 王朝和 22 王朝早期，或铁器时代 IB 的结束 IB – 黎凡特南部的铁器时代早期 II。这个例子展示了一个高度风格化的人形坐在凳子或宝座上，没有靠背。他拿着一个弯钩，连枷交叉在胸前，这种态度在埃及的意象中与法老和奥西里斯神有关。他的额头上放着一个小乌拉乌斯。一个较小的身影站在他面前，可能是向登基的身影致敬的侍从或恳求者。这个场景可能传达了印章护身符主人的愿望，表明他也希望表达他的尊重，以获得皇室或神的支持。
介绍（英）	A particular type of seal-amulet is found in archaeological contexts from the 10th century B.C. onwards. They are quite crudely and irregularly carved and the motifs on the underside show predominantly hunting scenes, with varied combinations of horned quadrupeds, lions, ostriches, and hunters. Based on the style of the incisions and on the large numbers that have surfaced in (northern) Egypt, but especially in the southern Levant, these seal-amulets are considered to be the result of a mass production. Their origin, however, is still under discussion. In the scholarly literature, they are labelled ‘Post-Ramesside mass-produced seal-amulets’ and are dated to the late 11th and 10th centuries B.C., that is, Dynasty 21 and early Dynasty 22 in Egypt, or the end of the Iron Age IB – early Iron Age II in the southern Levant. This example shows a highly stylized human figure seated on a stool or throne without back. He holds a crook and flail crossed in front of his chest, an attitude that is associated in Egyptian imagery with the pharaoh and with the god Osiris. A small uraeus is placed on his forehead. A smaller figure stands in front of him, probably an attendant or supplicant paying his respects to the enthroned figure. The scene may convey the desire of the seal-amulet’s owner to show that he, too, wishes to express his respect in order to obtain royal or divine support.