曼陀林 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	曼陀林
品名（英）	Mandolin
入馆年号	2015年，2015.643a, b, c
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者	Orville Gibson【1856 至 1918】【美国人】
创作年份	公元 1898
创作地区	美国, 密歇根, 卡拉马祖（United States, Michigan, Kalamazoo）
分类	长笛拨弦琴（Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted）
尺寸	26 1/4 × 11 × 3 1/4 英寸 (66.7 × 27.9 × 8.3 厘米)
介绍（中）	奥维尔·吉布森是最重要的弦乐器制造商和创新者之一。他发明了拱形吉他和曼陀林，这两种吉他都采用了小提琴的结构元素。这种曼陀林是奥维尔·吉布森罕见的幸存乐器，其设计与他1898年的曼陀林专利图纸一致。这包括一个雕刻的顶部和背面，带有一个浮桥和尾翼。曼陀林的侧面、颈部和墓石是由一块雕刻成最终形状的胡桃木制成的。背面也是一块凸起的胡桃木。顶部（音板）由云杉制成，也被雕刻成凸起的形状，并有一个大的椭圆形音孔。Gibson专利的另一个要素是，该乐器的颈部是中空的，旨在延伸乐器的共振音室该乐器的形状像泪滴，这种设计后来被称为a型曼陀林。该仪器覆盖着深色表面，这可能是在20世纪70年代应用的，当时该仪器被送往吉布森公司进行修复（当时桥和尾梁也被更换）。墓碑是奥维尔·吉布森独特的"桨头"，上面镶嵌着珍珠母五角星和新月，这是他乐器上常见的图案，可能是共济会的参考。音孔由木制人字形镶嵌物环绕，下方是一个镶嵌的拾音器，上面有一只巨大的珍珠母和鲍鱼蝴蝶。奥维尔的曼陀林设计具有那不勒斯风格，在四个双通道中有八根琴弦。乌木指板粘在琴颈上，有18个金属琴格，在第5、7、10、12和15号琴格后面有珍珠母位置标记。调谐器和螺母是用骨头做的，桥接器是用乌木做的。
介绍（英）	Orville Gibson is one of the most important makers and innovators of fretted stringed instruments. He is credited with the invention of the archtop guitar and mandolin, which both take construction elements from the violin. This mandolin is a rare surviving instrument by Orville Gibson and features a design consistent with his 1898 patent mandolin drawings. This includes a carved top and back with a floating bridge and tailpiece. The mandolin's sides, neck, and headstock are made from a single piece of walnut that is carved into the final form. The back is also a carved piece of walnut that is convex. The top (soundboard) is made of spruce and also carved into a convex shape and has a large oval soundhole. Another element of the Gibson patent, and present on this instrument, is that the neck is hollow and meant to extend the resonant sound chamber of the instrument. The instrument is shaped like a teardrop, a design that would later become known as a Model A mandolin. The instrument is covered with a dark finish, which was probably applied in the 1970s when the instrument was sent to the Gibson Company for restoration (at that time the bridge and tailpiece were also replaced). The headstock is Orville Gibson's distinct "paddle-head" and is inlaid with a mother-of-pearl five pointed star and crescent, a motif common on his instruments and that may be a masonic reference. The soundhole is ringed by wood herringbone inlay, below which is an inlaid pickguard featuring a large mother-of-pearl and abalone butterfly. Orville's mandolin design has the Neapolitan disposition of eight strings in four double courses. The ebony fingerboard is glued to the neck and has eighteen metal frets with mother-of-pearl position markers behind the 5th, 7th, 10th, 12th, and 15th frets. The tuners and nut are of bone and the bridge is of ebony.