狮子的形象 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	狮子的形象
品名（英）	Figure of a Lion
入馆年号	2016年，2016.3
策展部门	美国之翼（The American Wing）
创作者	John Bell【1800 至 1880】【美国人】
创作年份	公元 1845 - 公元 1855
创作地区	制造于: 美国, 宾夕法尼亚, 韦恩斯博罗（Made in: United States, Pennsylvania, Waynesboro）
分类
尺寸	高: 7 1/2 英寸 (19.1 厘米)
介绍（中）	这尊狮子像简直就是美国民间粘土艺术的象征。凭借其轻快的姿态和天真的半微笑，它展现了高度迷人的顽皮和异想天开。这只狮子由Shenandoah Valley陶工家族的John Bell（1800–1880）制作，是已知的仅有的四种陶器之一（也是一种石器），所有这些陶器都有贝尔家族成员的所有权历史，这表明这些特殊的作品是留给亲人的，而不是卖给当地市场谢南多厄河谷（位于宾夕法尼亚州南部、马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州）是一个拥有丰富陶器和石器粘土沉积物的地区，其陶器传统至少可以追溯到18世纪中期。到1833年，约翰·贝尔（John Bell）建立了一家规模较小但成功的陶器公司，随着他自己的儿子（他和妻子有九个孩子）加入这家公司，这家公司继续发展。他的兄弟和儿子主要负责在整个山谷传播陶器传统。在大多数情况下，陶器生产实用的物品，如陶器、水罐和花盆。然而，他们很快就将装饰性和"玩具"产品添加到了他们的剧目中，贝尔家族以其陶器釉面人物而闻名。狮子的形状很可能是对英国斯塔福德郡制造的雕像陶瓷狮子和贵宾犬（这个例子看起来一半是狮子/一半是贵宾犬）或佛蒙特州本宁顿的美国陶器公司的罗金汉版本的回应，所有这些都可以追溯到19世纪中期。
介绍（英）	This figure of a lion is quite simply the icon of American folk art in clay. With its jaunty stance and naïve half-smile, it exhibits a high degree of charming playfulness and whimsy. Made by John Bell (1800–1880) of the Shenandoah Valley family of potters, this lion is one of only four earthenware examples known (and one of stoneware), all with history of ownership with members of the Bell family, suggesting that these special pieces were reserved for loved ones rather than for sale to a local market. The Shenandoah Valley (in southern Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia) was an area with abundant and rich earthenware and stoneware clay deposits, and its pottery tradition dates to at least the mid-eighteenth century. By 1833 John Bell had established a small but successful pottery business which continued to grow as his own sons (he and his wife had nine children) joined the shop. His brothers and his sons were largely responsible for disseminating the pottery tradition throughout the valley. For the most part the pottery produced utilitarian items such as crocks, pitchers, and flowerpots. However, they quickly added ornamental and "toy" wares to their repertoire, and the Bell family was well known for their earthenware glazed figures. The form of the lion was most likely responding to figural ceramic lions and poodles (this example looks part lion/part poodle) made in Staffordshire, England or the Rockingham versions at the United States Pottery Company in Bennington, Vermont, and all dating roughly to the mid-nineteenth century.