相貌特征概要表：用于研究“口语肖像” - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	相貌特征概要表：用于研究“口语肖像”
品名（英）	Tableau synoptic des traits physionomiques: pour servir a l'étude du "portrait parlé"
入馆年号	2009年，2009.16
策展部门	摄影（Photographs）
创作者	Alphonse Bertillon【1853 至 1914】【法国人】
创作年份	公元 1909
创作地区
分类	照片（Photographs）
尺寸	图像: 39.4 x 29.5 厘米 (15 1/2 x 11 5/8 英寸)
介绍（中）	19世纪的警察总部到处都是杂乱无章的"流氓画廊"，里面摆满了罪犯的照片肖像，即使是最简单的搜查也变成了西西弗式的劳动。作为回应，警官Alphonse Bertillon引入了一个严格的分类系统或信号系统，以帮助组织档案，这个过程不仅包括头部、身体和四肢的定量人体测量，还包括面部的定性描述。摄影的精确性潜力使其成为Bertillon系统的关键工具，而他的肖像画——今天照片的基础——在照片肖像和墨水指纹之间建立了强有力的类比这张合成照片类似于一张给警察的备忘单，展示了面部照片是如何产生一系列分类的，将男性罪犯的面部划分为离散的信息单元。这些识别点包括左耳和右耳之间的精确区分、下巴的倾斜角度以及眉毛上的褶皱图案。尽管这张人脸图像只是作为一个归档助手，但它的重复和差异使监视成为现代崇高的可怕表现。
介绍（英）	Nineteenth-century police headquarters were host to disorganized "rogues’ galleries" swollen with photographic portraits of criminals, which turned even the simplest of searches into a Sisyphean labor. As a response, police clerk Alphonse Bertillon introduced a rigorous system of classification, or signalment, to help organize archives, a process that included not only quantitative anthropometric measurements of the head, body, and extremities but also qualitative descriptions of the face. Photography’s potential for exactitude made it a crucial tool for Bertillon’s system, and his portrait parlé—the basis for today’s mugshot—posited a powerful analogy between a photographic likeness and the ink fingerprint. Akin to a cheat-sheet for police clerks, this composite photograph illustrates how the mugshot could yield a series of classifications, dividing the male criminal’s face into discrete units of information. Such points of identification include the precise differentiation between left ear and right, the angle of inclination of the chin, and the pattern of the folds on the brow. Although intended merely as a filing aide, this image of the human face in all its striations of repetition and difference renders surveillance as a terrifying manifestation of the modern sublime.